Shandong: region in China
What exactly constitutes the spatial extent of the city? For these aggregations, we used the Global Human Settlement Layer Urban Center Database (GHS-UCDB) to define the boundaries of the city. These cities -- or urban centers -- cover areas that are densely populated and built-up, and so may extend beyond the spatial borders of these cities that we may be familiar with. The GHS area is shaded in blue.
View Shandong, China on the sprawlmap
Most recent snapshot: Taking into account the entire (i.e. aggregate) street network in Shandong as of 2014, the overall level of street-network sprawl is 2.09, which is relatively well-connected.
Trends in street network construction: The SNDis of street construction for the respective time periods are 2.02, 2.28, 1.97 and 2.11. Disconnectivity in street construction in Shandong follows a zig-zag trend. In 1991-2000, street construction was most disconnected, while construction was most connected in 1976-1990.
Quantity of street network construction: The street network in Shandong spans a total of 148043 kilometers. It is dominated by roads constructed in 2001-2014. These roads have an SNDi of 2.11, which is relatively well-connected.
Effect on the aggregate network: New construction in each period adds to the total stock of streets, but does not change streets that have already been built. Therefore, it has a limited effect on the street network as a whole. The SNDis of the aggregate street network in the respective time periods are 2.02, 2.19, 2.12 and 2.09. The aggregate street network in Shandong increased in disconnectivity initially,but the trend has turned around after 1990.
The level of street-network sprawl in new development in Shandong followed a zig-zag trend with an overall increase. To get a sense of how street development has changed in Shandong, we can consider three of its most populous cities: Qingdao, Jinan and Zibo. None of the most populous cities follow the same trend as the region. The level of street-network sprawl in new development in Qingdao was at its lowest in 1976-1990. The level of street-network sprawl in new development in Jinan peaked in 1976-1990. The level of street-network sprawl in new development in Zibo was at its lowest in 1991-2000.
How do development practices in Shandong fare in comparison to others in China? Most recently in 2001-2014, street construction in Shandong was the 29th-most disconnected out of the 34 regions in China. Its position in the ranks since 1975 has fallen; relative to other regions in China, street construction in Shandong has become more connected. Shandong ranked 27th in 1975, 30th in 1976-1990, 32nd in 1991-2000 and 29th in 2001-2014.
As of 2014, the city with the most disconnected street network in Shandong is Sangyuan Wangjia with an SNDi of 3.38, which is highly disconnected. Conversely, the most connected city is Guanxian with an SNDi of -1.09, which is very well-connected. See trends for these cities: Guanxian, Sangyuan Wangjia
The level of street-network sprawl in the aggregate network in Shandong peaked in 1976-1990. To get a sense of how the aggregate street network has changed in Shandong, we can consider three of its most populous cities: Qingdao, Jinan and Zibo. Out of the three cities, Qingdao and Zibo do not follow the same trend as the region. The level of street-network sprawl in the aggregate network in Qingdao was at its lowest in 1976-1990. The level of street-network sprawl in the aggregate network in Zibo fell steadily.
To date, Shandong is the 30th-most disconnected out of the 34 regions in China. Its position in the ranks since 1975 has fallen; relative to other regions in China, the street network in Shandong has become more connected. Shandong ranked 27th in 1975, 29th in 1976-1990, 30th in 1991-2000 and 30th in 2001-2014.
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