Street-network Sprawl in Balrampur, India

What is Street-network sprawl?

Street-network Sprawl is a way to measure urban sprawl, worldwide, through the connectedness of the streets. Less sprawl means more connected, more walkable streets. Well-connected streets – like New York City’s grid – are more walkable and can be served by public transit.

The street network is permanent, and its connectivity affects the livability and environmental footprint of cities for decades and centuries to come. In places with more connected streets, residents drive less and walk more. A well-connected street network is associated with better outcomes for health, the environment, sustainable consumption, social integration, and equity.

We can quantify how connected street networks are with the Street Network Disconnectedness Index (SNDi).

SNDi -- our measure of street-network sprawl (disconnectedness)

The SNDi is a comprehensive measurement of “sprawl”. It captures:

A higher SNDi means less-connected streets – i.e., more sprawl. For the 10137 cities in our dataset, the average SNDi is 2.25, with half of the cities' SNDis falling between 1.08 and 3.25.

More information on the sprawl index can be found in these research papers:

To see the state of street-network sprawl across the globe, visit the sprawlmap.

Balrampur: city in Uttar Pradesh, India

What exactly constitutes the spatial extent of the city? For these aggregations, we used the Global Human Settlement Layer Urban Center Database (GHS-UCDB) to define the boundaries of the city. These cities -- or urban centers -- cover areas that are densely populated and built-up, and so may extend beyond the spatial borders of these cities that we may be familiar with. The GHS area is shaded in blue.

View Balrampur, India on the sprawlmap

Most recent snapshot: Taking into account the entire (i.e. aggregate) street network in Balrampur as of 2014, the overall level of street-network sprawl is 0.66, which is relatively well-connected.

Trends in street network construction: The SNDis of street construction for the respective time periods are -0.35, 1.1, 1.13 and 1.2. In each period, new street development in Balrampur steadily grows more disconnected than in the last. This increase has slowed: between 1975 and 1976-1990, SNDi rose by 1.46 points, but between 1991-2000 and 2001-2014, it rose by just 0.07.

Quantity of street network construction: The street network in Balrampur spans a total of 80 kilometers. It is dominated by roads constructed in 2001-2014. These roads have an SNDi of 1.2, which is relatively well-connected.

Effect on the aggregate network: New construction in each period adds to the total stock of streets, but does not change streets that have already been built. Therefore, it has a limited effect on the street network as a whole. The SNDis of the aggregate street network in the respective time periods are -0.35, -0.07, 0.66 and 0.66. Overall, the SNDi of the aggregate street network has risen: the street network in Balrampur has become more disconnected. This increase has slowed: between 1975 and 1976-1990, SNDi rose by 0.29 points, but between 1991-2000 and 2001-2014, it rose by just 0.0.

Balrampur and Uttar Pradesh follow the same trend in the disconnectivity of their street network constructions. The SNDi for both of these rose steadily.

How do development practices in Balrampur fare in comparison to others in Uttar Pradesh? Most recently in 2001-2014, street construction in Balrampur was the 89th-most disconnected out of the 204 cities in Uttar Pradesh. Its position in the ranks since 1975 has fallen; relative to other cities in Uttar Pradesh, street construction in Balrampur has become more connected. Balrampur ranked 86th in 1975, 76th in 1976-1990, 79th in 1991-2000 and 89th in 2001-2014.

Balrampur and India follow the same trend in the disconnectivity of their street network constructions. The SNDi for both of these rose steadily.

How do development practices in Balrampur fare in comparison to others in India? Most recently in 2001-2014, street construction in Balrampur was the 997th-most disconnected out of the 1716 cities in India. Its position in the ranks since 1975 has fallen; relative to other cities in India, street construction in Balrampur has become more connected. Balrampur ranked 816th in 1975, 939th in 1976-1990, 840th in 1991-2000 and 997th in 2001-2014.

Balrampur and Uttar Pradesh follow the same trend in the disconnectivity of their aggregate street networks. The SNDi for both of these rose steadily.

To date, Balrampur is the 148th-most disconnected out of the 204 cities in Uttar Pradesh. Its position in the ranks since 1975 has fallen; relative to other cities in Uttar Pradesh, the street network in Balrampur has become more connected. Balrampur ranked 86th in 1975, 115th in 1976-1990, 127th in 1991-2000 and 148th in 2001-2014.

Balrampur and India follow the same trend in the disconnectivity of their aggregate street networks. The SNDi for both of these rose steadily.

To date, Balrampur is the 1390th-most disconnected out of the 1716 cities in India. Its position in the ranks since 1975 has fallen; relative to other cities in India, the street network in Balrampur has become more connected. Balrampur ranked 816th in 1975, 1298th in 1976-1990, 1274th in 1991-2000 and 1390th in 2001-2014.

As of 2015, Balrampur had a built-up area of 1.32 square kilometers, and a population of 668219 people.

These are some other cities with approximately the same population: