Street-network Sprawl in Anpara, India

What is Street-network sprawl?

Street-network Sprawl is a way to measure urban sprawl, worldwide, through the connectedness of the streets. Less sprawl means more connected, more walkable streets. Well-connected streets – like New York City’s grid – are more walkable and can be served by public transit.

The street network is permanent, and its connectivity affects the livability and environmental footprint of cities for decades and centuries to come. In places with more connected streets, residents drive less and walk more. A well-connected street network is associated with better outcomes for health, the environment, sustainable consumption, social integration, and equity.

We can quantify how connected street networks are with the Street Network Disconnectedness Index (SNDi).

SNDi -- our measure of street-network sprawl (disconnectedness)

The SNDi is a comprehensive measurement of “sprawl”. It captures:

A higher SNDi means less-connected streets – i.e., more sprawl. For the 10137 cities in our dataset, the average SNDi is 2.25, with half of the cities' SNDis falling between 1.08 and 3.25.

More information on the sprawl index can be found in these research papers:

To see the state of street-network sprawl across the globe, visit the sprawlmap.

Anpara: city in Uttar Pradesh, India

What exactly constitutes the spatial extent of the city? For these aggregations, we used the Global Human Settlement Layer Urban Center Database (GHS-UCDB) to define the boundaries of the city. These cities -- or urban centers -- cover areas that are densely populated and built-up, and so may extend beyond the spatial borders of these cities that we may be familiar with. The GHS area is shaded in blue.

View Anpara, India on the sprawlmap

Most recent snapshot: Taking into account the entire (i.e. aggregate) street network in Anpara as of 2014, the overall level of street-network sprawl is 6.03, which is highly disconnected.

Trends in street network construction: The SNDis of street construction for the respective time periods are 7.23, 4.89, nan and 10.81. Data was not available in 1991-2000.

Quantity of street network construction: The street network in Anpara spans a total of 112 kilometers. It is dominated by roads constructed in 1976-1990. These roads have an SNDi of 4.89, which is highly disconnected.

Effect on the aggregate network: New construction in each period adds to the total stock of streets, but does not change streets that have already been built. Therefore, it has a limited effect on the street network as a whole. The SNDis of the aggregate street network in the respective time periods are 7.23, 4.93, 4.93 and 6.03. The SNDi of the aggregate street network in fell at first, but Anpara has worsened in disconnectivity since 1990.

Anpara and Uttar Pradesh do not follow the same trend in the disconnectivity of their street network constructions. There was not enough data from the city, while the SNDi of street constructions in Uttar Pradesh rose steadily.

How do development practices in Anpara fare in comparison to others in Uttar Pradesh? Most recently in 2001-2014, street construction in Anpara was the 1st-most disconnected out of the 204 cities in Uttar Pradesh. Its position in the ranks since 1975 has fallen; relative to other cities in Uttar Pradesh, street construction in Anpara has become more connected. Anpara ranked 2nd in 1975, 12th in 1976-1990 and 1st in 2001-2014. There was no ranking in 1991-2000 due to unavailable data.

Anpara and India do not follow the same trend in the disconnectivity of their street network constructions. There was not enough data from the city, while the SNDi of street constructions in India rose steadily.

How do development practices in Anpara fare in comparison to others in India? Most recently in 2001-2014, street construction in Anpara was the 3rd-most disconnected out of the 1716 cities in India. Its position in the ranks since 1975 has fallen; relative to other cities in India, street construction in Anpara has become more connected. Anpara ranked 16th in 1975, 112th in 1976-1990 and 3rd in 2001-2014. There was no ranking in 1991-2000 due to unavailable data.

Anpara and Uttar Pradesh do not follow the same trend in the disconnectivity of their aggregate street networks. The SNDi in Anpara was at its lowest in 1976-1990, while the SNDi of street constructions in Uttar Pradesh rose steadily.

To date, Anpara is the 8th-most disconnected out of the 204 cities in Uttar Pradesh. Its position in the ranks since 1975 has fallen; relative to other cities in Uttar Pradesh, the street network in Anpara has become more connected. Anpara ranked 2nd in 1975, 13th in 1976-1990, 17th in 1991-2000 and 8th in 2001-2014.

Anpara and India do not follow the same trend in the disconnectivity of their aggregate street networks. The SNDi in Anpara was at its lowest in 1976-1990, while the SNDi of street constructions in India rose steadily.

To date, Anpara is the 48th-most disconnected out of the 1716 cities in India. Its position in the ranks since 1975 has fallen; relative to other cities in India, the street network in Anpara has become more connected. Anpara ranked 16th in 1975, 84th in 1976-1990, 111th in 1991-2000 and 48th in 2001-2014.

As of 2015, Anpara had a built-up area of 2.1 square kilometers, and a population of 232638 people.

These are some other cities with approximately the same population: