Street-network Sprawl in Avignon, France

What is Street-network sprawl?

Street-network Sprawl is a way to measure urban sprawl, worldwide, through the connectedness of the streets. Less sprawl means more connected, more walkable streets. Well-connected streets – like New York City’s grid – are more walkable and can be served by public transit.

The street network is permanent, and its connectivity affects the livability and environmental footprint of cities for decades and centuries to come. In places with more connected streets, residents drive less and walk more. A well-connected street network is associated with better outcomes for health, the environment, sustainable consumption, social integration, and equity.

We can quantify how connected street networks are with the Street Network Disconnectedness Index (SNDi).

SNDi -- our measure of street-network sprawl (disconnectedness)

The SNDi is a comprehensive measurement of “sprawl”. It captures:

A higher SNDi means less-connected streets – i.e., more sprawl. For the 10137 cities in our dataset, the average SNDi is 2.25, with half of the cities' SNDis falling between 1.08 and 3.25.

More information on the sprawl index can be found in these research papers:

To see the state of street-network sprawl across the globe, visit the sprawlmap.

Avignon: city in Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur, France

What exactly constitutes the spatial extent of the city? For these aggregations, we used the Global Human Settlement Layer Urban Center Database (GHS-UCDB) to define the boundaries of the city. These cities -- or urban centers -- cover areas that are densely populated and built-up, and so may extend beyond the spatial borders of these cities that we may be familiar with. The GHS area is shaded in blue.

View Avignon, France on the sprawlmap

Most recent snapshot: Taking into account the entire (i.e. aggregate) street network in Avignon as of 2014, the overall level of street-network sprawl is 2.95, which is in the 40th to 60th percentile of disconnectedness.

Trends in street network construction: The SNDis of street construction for the respective time periods are 2.3, 3.86, 3.0 and 3.2. Disconnectivity in street construction in Avignon follows a zig-zag trend. In 1975, street construction was most disconnected, while construction was most connected in 1976-1990.

Quantity of street network construction: The street network in Avignon spans a total of 525 kilometers. It is dominated by roads constructed prior to 1975. These roads have an SNDi of 2.3, which is in the 40th to 60th percentile of disconnectedness.

Effect on the aggregate network: New construction in each period adds to the total stock of streets, but does not change streets that have already been built. Therefore, it has a limited effect on the street network as a whole. The SNDis of the aggregate street network in the respective time periods are 2.3, 2.96, 2.95 and 2.95. Disconnectivity in Avignon's street network follows a zig-zag trend. In 1975, the city was most disconnected; while it was most connected in 1976-1990.

Avignon and Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur do not follow the same trend in the disconnectivity of their street network constructions. The SNDi in Avignon followed a zig-zag trend with an overall increase, while the SNDi of street constructions in Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur peaked in 1991-2000.

How do development practices in Avignon fare in comparison to others in Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur? Most recently in 2001-2014, street construction in Avignon was the 6th-most disconnected out of the 7 cities in Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur. Its position in the ranks since 1975 has risen; relative to other cities in Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur, street construction in Avignon has become more disconnected. Avignon ranked 7th in 1975, 7th in 1976-1990, 6th in 1991-2000 and 6th in 2001-2014.

Avignon and France do not follow the same trend in the disconnectivity of their street network constructions. The SNDi in Avignon followed a zig-zag trend with an overall increase, while the SNDi of street constructions in France rose steadily.

How do development practices in Avignon fare in comparison to others in France? Most recently in 2001-2014, street construction in Avignon was the 46th-most disconnected out of the 76 cities in France. Its position in the ranks since 1975 has fallen; relative to other cities in France, street construction in Avignon has become more connected. Avignon ranked 30th in 1975, 24th in 1976-1990, 38th in 1991-2000 and 46th in 2001-2014.

Avignon and Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur do not follow the same trend in the disconnectivity of their aggregate street networks. The SNDi in Avignon followed a zig-zag trend with an overall increase, while the SNDi of street constructions in Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur rose steadily.

To date, Avignon is the 7th-most disconnected out of the 7 cities in Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur. Its position in the ranks since 1975 has not changed. Avignon ranked 7th in 1975, 7th in 1976-1990, 7th in 1991-2000 and 7th in 2001-2014.

Avignon and France do not follow the same trend in the disconnectivity of their aggregate street networks. The SNDi in Avignon followed a zig-zag trend with an overall increase, while the SNDi of street constructions in France rose steadily.

To date, Avignon is the 19th-most disconnected out of the 76 cities in France. Its position in the ranks since 1975 has risen; relative to other cities in France, the street network in Avignon has become more disconnected. Avignon ranked 30th in 1975, 19th in 1976-1990, 19th in 1991-2000 and 19th in 2001-2014.

As of 2015, Avignon had a built-up area of 24.41 square kilometers, and a population of 82994 people.

These are some other cities with approximately the same population: