Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur: region in France
What exactly constitutes the spatial extent of the city? For these aggregations, we used the Global Human Settlement Layer Urban Center Database (GHS-UCDB) to define the boundaries of the city. These cities -- or urban centers -- cover areas that are densely populated and built-up, and so may extend beyond the spatial borders of these cities that we may be familiar with. The GHS area is shaded in blue.
View Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur, France on the sprawlmap
Most recent snapshot: Taking into account the entire (i.e. aggregate) street network in Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur as of 2014, the overall level of street-network sprawl is 4.42, which is highly disconnected.
Trends in street network construction: The SNDis of street construction for the respective time periods are 3.58, 4.85, 6.0 and 5.55. Street construction in Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur increased in disconnectivity initially but has since improved. The streets constructed in 1991-2000 were the most disconnected.
Quantity of street network construction: The street network in Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur spans a total of 50897 kilometers. It is dominated by roads constructed in 1976-1990. These roads have an SNDi of 4.85, which is highly disconnected.
Effect on the aggregate network: New construction in each period adds to the total stock of streets, but does not change streets that have already been built. Therefore, it has a limited effect on the street network as a whole. The SNDis of the aggregate street network in the respective time periods are 3.58, 4.17, 4.34 and 4.42. Overall, the SNDi of the aggregate street network has risen: the street network in Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur has become more disconnected. This increase has slowed: between 1975 and 1976-1990, SNDi rose by 0.59 points, but between 1991-2000 and 2001-2014, it rose by just 0.08.
The level of street-network sprawl in new development in Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur peaked in 1991-2000. To get a sense of how street development has changed in Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur, we can consider three of its most populous cities: Marseille, Nice and Toulon. Out of the three cities, Marseille and Nice do not follow the same trend as the region. The level of street-network sprawl in new development in Marseille rose steadily. The level of street-network sprawl in new development in Nice followed a zig-zag trend with an overall increase.
How do development practices in Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur fare in comparison to others in France? Most recently in 2001-2014, street construction in Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur was the 9th-most disconnected out of the 20 regions in France. Its position in the ranks since 1975 has fallen; relative to other regions in France, street construction in Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur has become more connected. Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur ranked 8th in 1975, 4th in 1976-1990, 5th in 1991-2000 and 9th in 2001-2014.
As of 2014, the city with the most disconnected street network in Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur is Vitrolles with an SNDi of 4.83, which is highly disconnected. Conversely, the most connected city is Avignon with an SNDi of 2.95, which is in the 40th to 60th percentile of disconnectedness. See trends for these cities: Avignon, Vitrolles
The level of street-network sprawl in the aggregate network in Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur rose steadily. To get a sense of how the aggregate street network has changed in Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur, we can consider three of its most populous cities: Marseille, Nice and Toulon. Disconnectivity in the most populous cities in Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur follow the same region trend.
To date, Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur is the 8th-most disconnected out of the 20 regions in France. Its position in the ranks since 1975 has not changed. Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur ranked 8th in 1975, 9th in 1976-1990, 8th in 1991-2000 and 8th in 2001-2014.