Street-network Sprawl in Southern Nations, Nationalities and Peoples, Ethiopia

What is Street-network sprawl?

Street-network Sprawl is a way to measure urban sprawl, worldwide, through the connectedness of the streets. Less sprawl means more connected, more walkable streets. Well-connected streets – like New York City’s grid – are more walkable and can be served by public transit.

The street network is permanent, and its connectivity affects the livability and environmental footprint of cities for decades and centuries to come. In places with more connected streets, residents drive less and walk more. A well-connected street network is associated with better outcomes for health, the environment, sustainable consumption, social integration, and equity.

We can quantify how connected street networks are with the Street Network Disconnectedness Index (SNDi).

SNDi -- our measure of street-network sprawl (disconnectedness)

The SNDi is a comprehensive measurement of “sprawl”. It captures:

A higher SNDi means less-connected streets – i.e., more sprawl. For the 10137 cities in our dataset, the average SNDi is 2.25, with half of the cities' SNDis falling between 1.08 and 3.25.

More information on the sprawl index can be found in these research papers:

To see the state of street-network sprawl across the globe, visit the sprawlmap.

Southern Nations, Nationalities and Peoples: region in Ethiopia

What exactly constitutes the spatial extent of the city? For these aggregations, we used the Global Human Settlement Layer Urban Center Database (GHS-UCDB) to define the boundaries of the city. These cities -- or urban centers -- cover areas that are densely populated and built-up, and so may extend beyond the spatial borders of these cities that we may be familiar with. The GHS area is shaded in blue.

View Southern Nations, Nationalities and Peoples, Ethiopia on the sprawlmap

Most recent snapshot: Taking into account the entire (i.e. aggregate) street network in Southern Nations, Nationalities and Peoples as of 2014, the overall level of street-network sprawl is 2.48, which is in the 40th to 60th percentile of disconnectedness.

Trends in street network construction: The SNDis of street construction for the respective time periods are 1.98, 2.53, 2.61 and 2.47. Street construction in Southern Nations, Nationalities and Peoples increased in disconnectivity initially but has since improved. The streets constructed in 1991-2000 were the most disconnected.

Quantity of street network construction: The street network in Southern Nations, Nationalities and Peoples spans a total of 18310 kilometers. It is dominated by roads constructed in 2001-2014. These roads have an SNDi of 2.47, which is in the 40th to 60th percentile of disconnectedness.

Effect on the aggregate network: New construction in each period adds to the total stock of streets, but does not change streets that have already been built. Therefore, it has a limited effect on the street network as a whole. The SNDis of the aggregate street network in the respective time periods are 1.98, 2.51, 2.53 and 2.48. The aggregate street network in Southern Nations, Nationalities and Peoples increased in disconnectivity initially,but the trend has turned around after 2000.

The level of street-network sprawl in new development in Southern Nations, Nationalities and Peoples peaked in 1991-2000. To get a sense of how street development has changed in Southern Nations, Nationalities and Peoples, we can consider three of its most populous cities: Hawassa, Alaba Kulito and Yirgalem. None of the most populous cities follow the same trend as the region. The level of street-network sprawl in new development in Hawassa followed a zig-zag trend. The level of street-network sprawl in new development in Alaba Kulito followed a zig-zag trend. The level of street-network sprawl in new development in Yirgalem followed a zig-zag trend.

How do development practices in Southern Nations, Nationalities and Peoples fare in comparison to others in Ethiopia? Most recently in 2001-2014, street construction in Southern Nations, Nationalities and Peoples was the 10th-most disconnected out of the 11 regions in Ethiopia. Its position in the ranks since 1975 has fallen; relative to other regions in Ethiopia, street construction in Southern Nations, Nationalities and Peoples has become more connected. Southern Nations, Nationalities and Peoples ranked 8th in 1975, 6th in 1976-1990, 6th in 1991-2000 and 10th in 2001-2014.

As of 2014, the city with the most disconnected street network in Southern Nations, Nationalities and Peoples is Ch'Iri with an SNDi of 3.6, which is highly disconnected. Conversely, the most connected city is Woito with an SNDi of -1.82, which is very well-connected. See trends for these cities: Woito, Ch'Iri

The level of street-network sprawl in the aggregate network in Southern Nations, Nationalities and Peoples peaked in 1991-2000. To get a sense of how the aggregate street network has changed in Southern Nations, Nationalities and Peoples, we can consider three of its most populous cities: Hawassa, Alaba Kulito and Yirgalem. None of the most populous cities follow the same trend as the region. The level of street-network sprawl in the aggregate network in Hawassa followed a zig-zag trend. The level of street-network sprawl in the aggregate network in Alaba Kulito followed a zig-zag trend. The level of street-network sprawl in the aggregate network in Yirgalem followed a zig-zag trend.

To date, Southern Nations, Nationalities and Peoples is the 10th-most disconnected out of the 11 regions in Ethiopia. Its position in the ranks since 1975 has fallen; relative to other regions in Ethiopia, the street network in Southern Nations, Nationalities and Peoples has become more connected. Southern Nations, Nationalities and Peoples ranked 8th in 1975, 9th in 1976-1990, 7th in 1991-2000 and 10th in 2001-2014.