Street-network Sprawl in Jinhua, China

What is Street-network sprawl?

Street-network Sprawl is a way to measure urban sprawl, worldwide, through the connectedness of the streets. Less sprawl means more connected, more walkable streets. Well-connected streets – like New York City’s grid – are more walkable and can be served by public transit.

The street network is permanent, and its connectivity affects the livability and environmental footprint of cities for decades and centuries to come. In places with more connected streets, residents drive less and walk more. A well-connected street network is associated with better outcomes for health, the environment, sustainable consumption, social integration, and equity.

We can quantify how connected street networks are with the Street Network Disconnectedness Index (SNDi).

SNDi -- our measure of street-network sprawl (disconnectedness)

The SNDi is a comprehensive measurement of “sprawl”. It captures:

A higher SNDi means less-connected streets – i.e., more sprawl. For the 10137 cities in our dataset, the average SNDi is 2.25, with half of the cities' SNDis falling between 1.08 and 3.25.

More information on the sprawl index can be found in these research papers:

To see the state of street-network sprawl across the globe, visit the sprawlmap.

Jinhua: city in Zhejiang, China

What exactly constitutes the spatial extent of the city? For these aggregations, we used the Global Human Settlement Layer Urban Center Database (GHS-UCDB) to define the boundaries of the city. These cities -- or urban centers -- cover areas that are densely populated and built-up, and so may extend beyond the spatial borders of these cities that we may be familiar with. The GHS area is shaded in blue.

View Jinhua, China on the sprawlmap

Most recent snapshot: Taking into account the entire (i.e. aggregate) street network in Jinhua as of 2014, the overall level of street-network sprawl is 1.4, which is relatively well-connected.

Trends in street network construction: The SNDis of street construction for the respective time periods are 0.86, 1.32, 2.35 and 1.82. Street construction in Jinhua increased in disconnectivity initially but has since improved. The streets constructed in 1991-2000 were the most disconnected.

Quantity of street network construction: The street network in Jinhua spans a total of 794 kilometers. It is dominated by roads constructed in 1976-1990. These roads have an SNDi of 1.32, which is relatively well-connected.

Effect on the aggregate network: New construction in each period adds to the total stock of streets, but does not change streets that have already been built. Therefore, it has a limited effect on the street network as a whole. The SNDis of the aggregate street network in the respective time periods are 0.86, 1.24, 1.35 and 1.4. Overall, the SNDi of the aggregate street network has risen: the street network in Jinhua has become more disconnected. This increase has slowed: between 1975 and 1976-1990, SNDi rose by 0.38 points, but between 1991-2000 and 2001-2014, it rose by just 0.06.

Jinhua and Zhejiang do not follow the same trend in the disconnectivity of their street network constructions. The SNDi in Jinhua peaked in 1991-2000, while the SNDi of street constructions in Zhejiang peaked in 1976-1990.

How do development practices in Jinhua fare in comparison to others in Zhejiang? Most recently in 2001-2014, street construction in Jinhua was the 48th-most disconnected out of the 94 cities in Zhejiang. Its position in the ranks since 1975 has risen; relative to other cities in Zhejiang, street construction in Jinhua has become more disconnected. Jinhua ranked 59th in 1975, 65th in 1976-1990, 21st in 1991-2000 and 48th in 2001-2014.

Jinhua and China do not follow the same trend in the disconnectivity of their street network constructions. The SNDi in Jinhua peaked in 1991-2000, while the SNDi of street constructions in China followed a zig-zag trend with an overall decrease.

How do development practices in Jinhua fare in comparison to others in China? Most recently in 2001-2014, street construction in Jinhua was the 737th-most disconnected out of the 1651 cities in China. Its position in the ranks since 1975 has risen; relative to other cities in China, street construction in Jinhua has become more disconnected. Jinhua ranked 874th in 1975, 953rd in 1976-1990, 391st in 1991-2000 and 737th in 2001-2014.

Jinhua and Zhejiang do not follow the same trend in the disconnectivity of their aggregate street networks. The SNDi in Jinhua rose steadily, while the SNDi of street constructions in Zhejiang peaked in 1976-1990.

To date, Jinhua is the 68th-most disconnected out of the 94 cities in Zhejiang. Its position in the ranks since 1975 has fallen; relative to other cities in Zhejiang, the street network in Jinhua has become more connected. Jinhua ranked 59th in 1975, 72nd in 1976-1990, 66th in 1991-2000 and 68th in 2001-2014.

Jinhua and China do not follow the same trend in the disconnectivity of their aggregate street networks. The SNDi in Jinhua rose steadily, while the SNDi of street constructions in China peaked in 1976-1990.

To date, Jinhua is the 1011th-most disconnected out of the 1651 cities in China. Its position in the ranks since 1975 has fallen; relative to other cities in China, the street network in Jinhua has become more connected. Jinhua ranked 874th in 1975, 1025th in 1976-1990, 981st in 1991-2000 and 1011th in 2001-2014.

As of 2015, Jinhua had a built-up area of 66.41 square kilometers, and a population of 630206 people.

These are some other cities with approximately the same population: