Street-network Sprawl in Shangluo, China

What is Street-network sprawl?

Street-network Sprawl is a way to measure urban sprawl, worldwide, through the connectedness of the streets. Less sprawl means more connected, more walkable streets. Well-connected streets – like New York City’s grid – are more walkable and can be served by public transit.

The street network is permanent, and its connectivity affects the livability and environmental footprint of cities for decades and centuries to come. In places with more connected streets, residents drive less and walk more. A well-connected street network is associated with better outcomes for health, the environment, sustainable consumption, social integration, and equity.

We can quantify how connected street networks are with the Street Network Disconnectedness Index (SNDi).

SNDi -- our measure of street-network sprawl (disconnectedness)

The SNDi is a comprehensive measurement of “sprawl”. It captures:

A higher SNDi means less-connected streets – i.e., more sprawl. For the 10137 cities in our dataset, the average SNDi is 2.25, with half of the cities' SNDis falling between 1.08 and 3.25.

More information on the sprawl index can be found in these research papers:

To see the state of street-network sprawl across the globe, visit the sprawlmap.

Shangluo: city in Shaanxi, China

What exactly constitutes the spatial extent of the city? For these aggregations, we used the Global Human Settlement Layer Urban Center Database (GHS-UCDB) to define the boundaries of the city. These cities -- or urban centers -- cover areas that are densely populated and built-up, and so may extend beyond the spatial borders of these cities that we may be familiar with. The GHS area is shaded in blue.

View Shangluo, China on the sprawlmap

Most recent snapshot: Taking into account the entire (i.e. aggregate) street network in Shangluo as of 2014, the overall level of street-network sprawl is 2.9, which is in the 40th to 60th percentile of disconnectedness.

Trends in street network construction: The SNDis of street construction for the respective time periods are 1.31, 2.09, 2.03 and 3.45. Disconnectivity in street construction in Shangluo follows a zig-zag trend. In 1975, street construction was most disconnected, while construction was most connected in 2001-2014.

Quantity of street network construction: The street network in Shangluo spans a total of 167 kilometers. It is dominated by roads constructed in 2001-2014. These roads have an SNDi of 3.45, which is highly disconnected.

Effect on the aggregate network: New construction in each period adds to the total stock of streets, but does not change streets that have already been built. Therefore, it has a limited effect on the street network as a whole. The SNDis of the aggregate street network in the respective time periods are 1.31, 1.92, 2.0 and 2.9. Overall, the SNDi of the aggregate street network has risen: the street network in Shangluo has become more disconnected.

Shangluo and Shaanxi do not follow the same trend in the disconnectivity of their street network constructions. The SNDi in Shangluo followed a zig-zag trend with an overall increase, while the SNDi of street constructions in Shaanxi was at its lowest in 1976-1990.

How do development practices in Shangluo fare in comparison to others in Shaanxi? Most recently in 2001-2014, street construction in Shangluo was the 8th-most disconnected out of the 60 cities in Shaanxi. Its position in the ranks since 1975 has risen; relative to other cities in Shaanxi, street construction in Shangluo has become more disconnected. Shangluo ranked 28th in 1975, 21st in 1976-1990, 16th in 1991-2000 and 8th in 2001-2014.

Shangluo and China follow the same trend in the disconnectivity of their street network constructions. The SNDi for both of these followed a zig-zag trend with an overall increase.

How do development practices in Shangluo fare in comparison to others in China? Most recently in 2001-2014, street construction in Shangluo was the 285th-most disconnected out of the 1651 cities in China. Its position in the ranks since 1975 has risen; relative to other cities in China, street construction in Shangluo has become more disconnected. Shangluo ranked 718th in 1975, 622nd in 1976-1990, 480th in 1991-2000 and 285th in 2001-2014.

Shangluo and Shaanxi do not follow the same trend in the disconnectivity of their aggregate street networks. The SNDi in Shangluo rose steadily, while the SNDi of street constructions in Shaanxi was at its lowest in 1991-2000.

To date, Shangluo is the 9th-most disconnected out of the 60 cities in Shaanxi. Its position in the ranks since 1975 has risen; relative to other cities in Shaanxi, the street network in Shangluo has become more disconnected. Shangluo ranked 28th in 1975, 26th in 1976-1990, 24th in 1991-2000 and 9th in 2001-2014.

Shangluo and China do not follow the same trend in the disconnectivity of their aggregate street networks. The SNDi in Shangluo rose steadily, while the SNDi of street constructions in China peaked in 1976-1990.

To date, Shangluo is the 325th-most disconnected out of the 1651 cities in China. Its position in the ranks since 1975 has risen; relative to other cities in China, the street network in Shangluo has become more disconnected. Shangluo ranked 718th in 1975, 698th in 1976-1990, 668th in 1991-2000 and 325th in 2001-2014.

As of 2015, Shangluo had a built-up area of 9.77 square kilometers, and a population of 124171 people.

These are some other cities with approximately the same population: