Street-network Sprawl in Queensland, Australia

What is Street-network sprawl?

Street-network Sprawl is a way to measure urban sprawl, worldwide, through the connectedness of the streets. Less sprawl means more connected, more walkable streets. Well-connected streets – like New York City’s grid – are more walkable and can be served by public transit.

The street network is permanent, and its connectivity affects the livability and environmental footprint of cities for decades and centuries to come. In places with more connected streets, residents drive less and walk more. A well-connected street network is associated with better outcomes for health, the environment, sustainable consumption, social integration, and equity.

We can quantify how connected street networks are with the Street Network Disconnectedness Index (SNDi).

SNDi -- our measure of street-network sprawl (disconnectedness)

The SNDi is a comprehensive measurement of “sprawl”. It captures:

A higher SNDi means less-connected streets – i.e., more sprawl. For the 10137 cities in our dataset, the average SNDi is 2.25, with half of the cities' SNDis falling between 1.08 and 3.25.

More information on the sprawl index can be found in these research papers:

To see the state of street-network sprawl across the globe, visit the sprawlmap.

Queensland: region in Australia

What exactly constitutes the spatial extent of the city? For these aggregations, we used the Global Human Settlement Layer Urban Center Database (GHS-UCDB) to define the boundaries of the city. These cities -- or urban centers -- cover areas that are densely populated and built-up, and so may extend beyond the spatial borders of these cities that we may be familiar with. The GHS area is shaded in blue.

View Queensland, Australia on the sprawlmap

Most recent snapshot: Taking into account the entire (i.e. aggregate) street network in Queensland as of 2014, the overall level of street-network sprawl is 4.5, which is highly disconnected.

Trends in street network construction: The SNDis of street construction for the respective time periods are 3.06, 4.96, 6.32 and 6.18. Street construction in Queensland increased in disconnectivity initially but has since improved. The streets constructed in 1991-2000 were the most disconnected.

Quantity of street network construction: The street network in Queensland spans a total of 59974 kilometers. The period with the greatest volume of street construction was 1976-1990. These roads have an SNDi of 4.96, which is highly disconnected.

Effect on the aggregate network: New construction in each period adds to the total stock of streets, but does not change streets that have already been built. Therefore, it has a limited effect on the street network as a whole. The SNDis of the aggregate street network in the respective time periods are 3.06, 4.03, 4.29 and 4.5. Overall, the SNDi of the aggregate street network has risen: the street network in Queensland has become more disconnected. This increase has slowed: between 1975 and 1976-1990, SNDi rose by 0.96 points, but between 1991-2000 and 2001-2014, it rose by just 0.22.

The level of street-network sprawl in new development in Queensland peaked in 1991-2000. To get a sense of how street development has changed in Queensland, we can consider three of its most populous cities: Brisbane, Gold Coast and Aitkenvale. Out of the three cities, Brisbane and Gold Coast do not follow the same trend as the region. The level of street-network sprawl in new development in Brisbane rose steadily. The level of street-network sprawl in new development in Gold Coast peaked in 1976-1990.

How do development practices in Queensland fare in comparison to others in Australia? Most recently in 2001-2014, street construction in Queensland was the 2nd-most disconnected out of the 7 regions in Australia. Its position in the ranks since 1975 has risen; relative to other regions in Australia, street construction in Queensland has become more disconnected. Queensland ranked 3rd in 1975, 3rd in 1976-1990, 2nd in 1991-2000 and 2nd in 2001-2014.

As of 2014, the city with the most disconnected street network in Queensland is Maroochydore with an SNDi of 4.58, which is highly disconnected. Conversely, the most connected city is Redcliffe with an SNDi of 2.2, which is relatively well-connected. See trends for these cities: Redcliffe, Maroochydore

The level of street-network sprawl in the aggregate network in Queensland rose steadily. To get a sense of how the aggregate street network has changed in Queensland, we can consider three of its most populous cities: Brisbane, Gold Coast and Aitkenvale. Disconnectivity in the most populous cities in Queensland follow the same region trend.

To date, Queensland is the 2nd-most disconnected out of the 7 regions in Australia. Its position in the ranks since 1975 has risen; relative to other regions in Australia, the street network in Queensland has become more disconnected. Queensland ranked 3rd in 1975, 2nd in 1976-1990, 2nd in 1991-2000 and 2nd in 2001-2014.