Street-network Sprawl in Port Arthur, United States

What is Street-network sprawl?

Street-network Sprawl is a way to measure urban sprawl, worldwide, through the connectedness of the streets. Less sprawl means more connected, more walkable streets. Well-connected streets – like New York City’s grid – are more walkable and can be served by public transit.

The street network is permanent, and its connectivity affects the livability and environmental footprint of cities for decades and centuries to come. In places with more connected streets, residents drive less and walk more. A well-connected street network is associated with better outcomes for health, the environment, sustainable consumption, social integration, and equity.

We can quantify how connected street networks are with the Street Network Disconnectedness Index (SNDi).

SNDi -- our measure of street-network sprawl (disconnectedness)

The SNDi is a comprehensive measurement of “sprawl”. It captures:

A higher SNDi means less-connected streets – i.e., more sprawl. For the 10137 cities in our dataset, the average SNDi is 2.25, with half of the cities' SNDis falling between 1.08 and 3.25.

More information on the sprawl index can be found in these research papers:

To see the state of street-network sprawl across the globe, visit the sprawlmap.

Port Arthur: city in Texas, United States

What exactly constitutes the spatial extent of the city? For these aggregations, we used the Global Human Settlement Layer Urban Center Database (GHS-UCDB) to define the boundaries of the city. These cities -- or urban centers -- cover areas that are densely populated and built-up, and so may extend beyond the spatial borders of these cities that we may be familiar with. The GHS area is shaded in blue.

View Port Arthur, United States on the sprawlmap

Most recent snapshot: Taking into account the entire (i.e. aggregate) street network in Port Arthur as of 2014, the overall level of street-network sprawl is 1.76, which is relatively well-connected.

Trends in street network construction: The SNDis of street construction for the respective time periods are 1.53, 3.56, 8.83 and 5.64. Street construction in Port Arthur increased in disconnectivity initially but has since improved. The streets constructed in 1991-2000 were the most disconnected.

Quantity of street network construction: The street network in Port Arthur spans a total of 1154 kilometers. It is dominated by roads constructed prior to 1975. These roads have an SNDi of 1.53, which is relatively well-connected.

Effect on the aggregate network: New construction in each period adds to the total stock of streets, but does not change streets that have already been built. Therefore, it has a limited effect on the street network as a whole. The SNDis of the aggregate street network in the respective time periods are 1.53, 1.72, 1.72 and 1.76. Overall, the SNDi of the aggregate street network has risen: the street network in Port Arthur has become more disconnected. This increase has slowed: between 1975 and 1976-1990, SNDi rose by 0.19 points, but between 1991-2000 and 2001-2014, it rose by just 0.04.

Port Arthur and Texas do not follow the same trend in the disconnectivity of their street network constructions. The SNDi in Port Arthur peaked in 1991-2000, while the SNDi of street constructions in Texas rose steadily.

How do development practices in Port Arthur fare in comparison to others in Texas? Most recently in 2001-2014, street construction in Port Arthur was the 6th-most disconnected out of the 26 cities in Texas. Its position in the ranks since 1975 has risen; relative to other cities in Texas, street construction in Port Arthur has become more disconnected. Port Arthur ranked 16th in 1975, 8th in 1976-1990, 1st in 1991-2000 and 6th in 2001-2014.

Port Arthur and United States follow the same trend in the disconnectivity of their street network constructions. The SNDi for both of these peaked in 1991-2000.

How do development practices in Port Arthur fare in comparison to others in United States? Most recently in 2001-2014, street construction in Port Arthur was the 115th-most disconnected out of the 315 cities in United States. Its position in the ranks since 1975 has risen; relative to other cities in United States, street construction in Port Arthur has become more disconnected. Port Arthur ranked 264th in 1975, 233rd in 1976-1990, 11th in 1991-2000 and 115th in 2001-2014.

Port Arthur and Texas follow the same trend in the disconnectivity of their aggregate street networks. The SNDi for both of these rose steadily.

To date, Port Arthur is the 18th-most disconnected out of the 26 cities in Texas. Its position in the ranks since 1975 has fallen; relative to other cities in Texas, the street network in Port Arthur has become more connected. Port Arthur ranked 16th in 1975, 17th in 1976-1990, 17th in 1991-2000 and 18th in 2001-2014.

Port Arthur and United States follow the same trend in the disconnectivity of their aggregate street networks. The SNDi for both of these rose steadily.

To date, Port Arthur is the 280th-most disconnected out of the 315 cities in United States. Its position in the ranks since 1975 has fallen; relative to other cities in United States, the street network in Port Arthur has become more connected. Port Arthur ranked 264th in 1975, 274th in 1976-1990, 279th in 1991-2000 and 280th in 2001-2014.

As of 2015, Port Arthur had a built-up area of 98.74 square kilometers, and a population of 96158 people.

These are some other cities with approximately the same population: