Street-network Sprawl in Sidi Bou Zid, Tunisia

What is Street-network sprawl?

Street-network Sprawl is a way to measure urban sprawl, worldwide, through the connectedness of the streets. Less sprawl means more connected, more walkable streets. Well-connected streets – like New York City’s grid – are more walkable and can be served by public transit.

The street network is permanent, and its connectivity affects the livability and environmental footprint of cities for decades and centuries to come. In places with more connected streets, residents drive less and walk more. A well-connected street network is associated with better outcomes for health, the environment, sustainable consumption, social integration, and equity.

We can quantify how connected street networks are with the Street Network Disconnectedness Index (SNDi).

SNDi -- our measure of street-network sprawl (disconnectedness)

The SNDi is a comprehensive measurement of “sprawl”. It captures:

A higher SNDi means less-connected streets – i.e., more sprawl. For the 10137 cities in our dataset, the average SNDi is 2.25, with half of the cities' SNDis falling between 1.08 and 3.25.

More information on the sprawl index can be found in these research papers:

To see the state of street-network sprawl across the globe, visit the sprawlmap.

Sidi Bou Zid: region in Tunisia

What exactly constitutes the spatial extent of the city? For these aggregations, we used the Global Human Settlement Layer Urban Center Database (GHS-UCDB) to define the boundaries of the city. These cities -- or urban centers -- cover areas that are densely populated and built-up, and so may extend beyond the spatial borders of these cities that we may be familiar with. The GHS area is shaded in blue.

View Sidi Bou Zid, Tunisia on the sprawlmap

Most recent snapshot: Taking into account the entire (i.e. aggregate) street network in Sidi Bou Zid as of 2014, the overall level of street-network sprawl is 0.77, which is relatively well-connected.

Trends in street network construction: The SNDis of street construction for the respective time periods are 2.7, 0.57, 0.71 and 1.4. The disconnectivity of new streets constructed in Sidi Bou Zid fell, then rose. In 1976-1990, new street layouts were the most connected.

Quantity of street network construction: The street network in Sidi Bou Zid spans a total of 1320 kilometers. It is dominated by roads constructed in 1976-1990. These roads have an SNDi of 0.57, which is relatively well-connected.

Effect on the aggregate network: New construction in each period adds to the total stock of streets, but does not change streets that have already been built. Therefore, it has a limited effect on the street network as a whole. The SNDis of the aggregate street network in the respective time periods are 2.7, 0.58, 0.64 and 0.77. The SNDi of the aggregate street network in fell at first, but Sidi Bou Zid has worsened in disconnectivity since 1990.

The level of street-network sprawl in new development in Sidi Bou Zid was at its lowest in 1976-1990. To get a sense of how street development has changed in Sidi Bou Zid, we can consider two of its most populous cities: Sidi Bouzid and Regueb. Out of the two cities, Regueb does not follow the same trend as the region. The level of street-network sprawl in new development in Regueb followed a zig-zag trend.

How do development practices in Sidi Bou Zid fare in comparison to others in Tunisia? Most recently in 2001-2014, street construction in Sidi Bou Zid was the 17th-most disconnected out of the 18 regions in Tunisia. Its position in the ranks since 1975 has fallen; relative to other regions in Tunisia, street construction in Sidi Bou Zid has become more connected. Sidi Bou Zid ranked 3rd in 1975, 18th in 1976-1990, 18th in 1991-2000 and 17th in 2001-2014.

As of 2014, the city with the most disconnected street network in Sidi Bou Zid is Sidi Bouzid with an SNDi of 0.47, which is relatively well-connected. Conversely, the most connected city is Regueb with an SNDi of -0.2, which is very well-connected. See trends for these cities: Regueb, Sidi Bouzid

The level of street-network sprawl in the aggregate network in Sidi Bou Zid was at its lowest in 1976-1990. To get a sense of how the aggregate street network has changed in Sidi Bou Zid, we can consider two of its most populous cities: Sidi Bouzid and Regueb. Out of the two cities, Regueb does not follow the same trend as the region. The level of street-network sprawl in the aggregate network in Regueb followed a zig-zag trend.

To date, Sidi Bou Zid is the 18th-most disconnected out of the 18 regions in Tunisia. Its position in the ranks since 1975 has fallen; relative to other regions in Tunisia, the street network in Sidi Bou Zid has become more connected. Sidi Bou Zid ranked 3rd in 1975, 18th in 1976-1990, 18th in 1991-2000 and 18th in 2001-2014.