Street-network Sprawl in Linköping, Sweden

What is Street-network sprawl?

Street-network Sprawl is a way to measure urban sprawl, worldwide, through the connectedness of the streets. Less sprawl means more connected, more walkable streets. Well-connected streets – like New York City’s grid – are more walkable and can be served by public transit.

The street network is permanent, and its connectivity affects the livability and environmental footprint of cities for decades and centuries to come. In places with more connected streets, residents drive less and walk more. A well-connected street network is associated with better outcomes for health, the environment, sustainable consumption, social integration, and equity.

We can quantify how connected street networks are with the Street Network Disconnectedness Index (SNDi).

SNDi -- our measure of street-network sprawl (disconnectedness)

The SNDi is a comprehensive measurement of “sprawl”. It captures:

A higher SNDi means less-connected streets – i.e., more sprawl. For the 10137 cities in our dataset, the average SNDi is 2.25, with half of the cities' SNDis falling between 1.08 and 3.25.

More information on the sprawl index can be found in these research papers:

To see the state of street-network sprawl across the globe, visit the sprawlmap.

Linköping: city in Östergötland, Sweden

What exactly constitutes the spatial extent of the city? For these aggregations, we used the Global Human Settlement Layer Urban Center Database (GHS-UCDB) to define the boundaries of the city. These cities -- or urban centers -- cover areas that are densely populated and built-up, and so may extend beyond the spatial borders of these cities that we may be familiar with. The GHS area is shaded in blue.

View Linköping, Sweden on the sprawlmap

Most recent snapshot: Taking into account the entire (i.e. aggregate) street network in Linköping as of 2014, the overall level of street-network sprawl is 0.34, which is very well-connected.

Trends in street network construction: The SNDis of street construction for the respective time periods are 0.33, 0.34, 0.86 and 0.95. In each period, new street development in Linköping steadily grows more disconnected than in the last.

Quantity of street network construction: The street network in Linköping spans a total of 404 kilometers. It is dominated by roads constructed prior to 1975. These roads have an SNDi of 0.33, which is very well-connected.

Effect on the aggregate network: New construction in each period adds to the total stock of streets, but does not change streets that have already been built. Therefore, it has a limited effect on the street network as a whole. The SNDis of the aggregate street network in the respective time periods are 0.33, 0.33, 0.33 and 0.34. The SNDi of the aggregate street network in fell at first, but Linköping has worsened in disconnectivity since 1990.

Linköping and Östergötland follow the same trend in the disconnectivity of their street network constructions. The SNDi for both of these rose steadily.

How do development practices in Linköping fare in comparison to others in Östergötland? Most recently in 2001-2014, street construction in Linköping was the 1st-most disconnected out of the 2 cities in Östergötland. Its position in the ranks since 1975 has risen; relative to other cities in Östergötland, street construction in Linköping has become more disconnected. Linköping ranked 2nd in 1975, 2nd in 1976-1990, 2nd in 1991-2000 and 1st in 2001-2014.

Linköping and Sweden follow the same trend in the disconnectivity of their street network constructions. The SNDi for both of these rose steadily.

How do development practices in Linköping fare in comparison to others in Sweden? Most recently in 2001-2014, street construction in Linköping was the 7th-most disconnected out of the 12 cities in Sweden. Its position in the ranks since 1975 has risen; relative to other cities in Sweden, street construction in Linköping has become more disconnected. Linköping ranked 10th in 1975, 11th in 1976-1990, 12th in 1991-2000 and 7th in 2001-2014.

Linköping and Östergötland do not follow the same trend in the disconnectivity of their aggregate street networks. The SNDi in Linköping was at its lowest in 1976-1990, while the SNDi of street constructions in Östergötland rose steadily.

To date, Linköping is the 2nd-most disconnected out of the 2 cities in Östergötland. Its position in the ranks since 1975 has not changed. Linköping ranked 2nd in 1975, 2nd in 1976-1990, 2nd in 1991-2000 and 2nd in 2001-2014.

Linköping and Sweden do not follow the same trend in the disconnectivity of their aggregate street networks. The SNDi in Linköping was at its lowest in 1976-1990, while the SNDi of street constructions in Sweden rose steadily.

To date, Linköping is the 10th-most disconnected out of the 12 cities in Sweden. Its position in the ranks since 1975 has not changed. Linköping ranked 10th in 1975, 10th in 1976-1990, 10th in 1991-2000 and 10th in 2001-2014.

As of 2015, Linköping had a built-up area of 13.3 square kilometers, and a population of 87198 people.

These are some other cities with approximately the same population: