Street-network Sprawl in El Hawata, Sudan

What is Street-network sprawl?

Street-network Sprawl is a way to measure urban sprawl, worldwide, through the connectedness of the streets. Less sprawl means more connected, more walkable streets. Well-connected streets – like New York City’s grid – are more walkable and can be served by public transit.

The street network is permanent, and its connectivity affects the livability and environmental footprint of cities for decades and centuries to come. In places with more connected streets, residents drive less and walk more. A well-connected street network is associated with better outcomes for health, the environment, sustainable consumption, social integration, and equity.

We can quantify how connected street networks are with the Street Network Disconnectedness Index (SNDi).

SNDi -- our measure of street-network sprawl (disconnectedness)

The SNDi is a comprehensive measurement of “sprawl”. It captures:

A higher SNDi means less-connected streets – i.e., more sprawl. For the 10137 cities in our dataset, the average SNDi is 2.25, with half of the cities' SNDis falling between 1.08 and 3.25.

More information on the sprawl index can be found in these research papers:

To see the state of street-network sprawl across the globe, visit the sprawlmap.

El Hawata: city in Al Qadarif, Sudan

What exactly constitutes the spatial extent of the city? For these aggregations, we used the Global Human Settlement Layer Urban Center Database (GHS-UCDB) to define the boundaries of the city. These cities -- or urban centers -- cover areas that are densely populated and built-up, and so may extend beyond the spatial borders of these cities that we may be familiar with. The GHS area is shaded in blue.

View El Hawata, Sudan on the sprawlmap

Most recent snapshot: Taking into account the entire (i.e. aggregate) street network in El Hawata as of 2014, the overall level of street-network sprawl is -0.59, which is very well-connected.

Trends in street network construction: The SNDis of street construction for the respective time periods are nan, -0.55, nan and -0.53. Data was not available in 1975 and 1991-2000.

Quantity of street network construction: The street network in El Hawata spans a total of 29 kilometers. It is dominated by roads constructed prior to 1975. These roads have an SNDi of nan, which is highly disconnected.

Effect on the aggregate network: New construction in each period adds to the total stock of streets, but does not change streets that have already been built. Therefore, it has a limited effect on the street network as a whole. The SNDis of the aggregate street network in the respective time periods are nan, -0.55, -0.55 and -0.59. Data was not available in 1975.

El Hawata and Al Qadarif do not follow the same trend in the disconnectivity of their street network constructions. There was not enough data from the city, while the SNDi of street constructions in Al Qadarif followed a zig-zag trend with an overall increase.

How do development practices in El Hawata fare in comparison to others in Al Qadarif? Most recently in 2001-2014, street construction in El Hawata was the 4th-most disconnected out of the 4 cities in Al Qadarif. El Hawata ranked 3rd in 1976-1990 and 4th in 2001-2014. There was no ranking in 1975 and 1991-2000 due to unavailable data.

El Hawata and Sudan do not follow the same trend in the disconnectivity of their street network constructions. There was not enough data from the city, while the SNDi of street constructions in Sudan peaked in 1991-2000.

How do development practices in El Hawata fare in comparison to others in Sudan? Most recently in 2001-2014, street construction in El Hawata was the 56th-most disconnected out of the 63 cities in Sudan. El Hawata ranked 44th in 1976-1990 and 56th in 2001-2014. There was no ranking in 1975 and 1991-2000 due to unavailable data.

El Hawata and Al Qadarif do not follow the same trend in the disconnectivity of their aggregate street networks. There was not enough data from the city, while the SNDi of street constructions in Al Qadarif peaked in 1976-1990.

To date, El Hawata is the 4th-most disconnected out of the 4 cities in Al Qadarif. Its position in the ranks since 1975 has fallen; relative to other cities in Al Qadarif, the street network in El Hawata has become more connected. El Hawata ranked 3rd in 1976-1990, 3rd in 1991-2000 and 4th in 2001-2014. There was no ranking in 1975 due to unavailable data.

El Hawata and Sudan do not follow the same trend in the disconnectivity of their aggregate street networks. There was not enough data from the city, while the SNDi of street constructions in Sudan rose steadily.

To date, El Hawata is the 62nd-most disconnected out of the 63 cities in Sudan. Its position in the ranks since 1975 has fallen; relative to other cities in Sudan, the street network in El Hawata has become more connected. El Hawata ranked 48th in 1976-1990, 51st in 1991-2000 and 62nd in 2001-2014. There was no ranking in 1975 due to unavailable data.

As of 2015, El Hawata had a built-up area of 0.14 square kilometers, and a population of 61953 people.

These are some other cities with approximately the same population: