Street-network Sprawl in Vologda, Russia

What is Street-network sprawl?

Street-network Sprawl is a way to measure urban sprawl, worldwide, through the connectedness of the streets. Less sprawl means more connected, more walkable streets. Well-connected streets – like New York City’s grid – are more walkable and can be served by public transit.

The street network is permanent, and its connectivity affects the livability and environmental footprint of cities for decades and centuries to come. In places with more connected streets, residents drive less and walk more. A well-connected street network is associated with better outcomes for health, the environment, sustainable consumption, social integration, and equity.

We can quantify how connected street networks are with the Street Network Disconnectedness Index (SNDi).

SNDi -- our measure of street-network sprawl (disconnectedness)

The SNDi is a comprehensive measurement of “sprawl”. It captures:

A higher SNDi means less-connected streets – i.e., more sprawl. For the 10137 cities in our dataset, the average SNDi is 2.25, with half of the cities' SNDis falling between 1.08 and 3.25.

More information on the sprawl index can be found in these research papers:

To see the state of street-network sprawl across the globe, visit the sprawlmap.

Vologda: city in Russia

What exactly constitutes the spatial extent of the city? For these aggregations, we used the Global Human Settlement Layer Urban Center Database (GHS-UCDB) to define the boundaries of the city. These cities -- or urban centers -- cover areas that are densely populated and built-up, and so may extend beyond the spatial borders of these cities that we may be familiar with. The GHS area is shaded in blue.

View Vologda, Russia on the sprawlmap

Most recent snapshot: Taking into account the entire (i.e. aggregate) street network in Vologda as of 2014, the overall level of street-network sprawl is 2.2, which is relatively well-connected.

Trends in street network construction: The SNDis of street construction for the respective time periods are 1.85, 2.69, 7.17 and 4.84. Street construction in Vologda increased in disconnectivity initially but has since improved. The streets constructed in 1991-2000 were the most disconnected.

Quantity of street network construction: The street network in Vologda spans a total of 364 kilometers. It is dominated by roads constructed prior to 1975. These roads have an SNDi of 1.85, which is relatively well-connected.

Effect on the aggregate network: New construction in each period adds to the total stock of streets, but does not change streets that have already been built. Therefore, it has a limited effect on the street network as a whole. The SNDis of the aggregate street network in the respective time periods are 1.85, 1.9, 2.11 and 2.2. Overall, the SNDi of the aggregate street network has risen: the street network in Vologda has become more disconnected.

Vologda and Vologda do not follow the same trend in the disconnectivity of their street network constructions. The SNDi in Vologda peaked in 1991-2000, while the SNDi of street constructions in Vologda followed a zig-zag trend with an overall increase.

How do development practices in Vologda fare in comparison to others in Vologda? Most recently in 2001-2014, street construction in Vologda was the 1st-most disconnected out of the 2 cities in Vologda. Its position in the ranks since 1975 has not changed. Vologda ranked 1st in 1975, 1st in 1976-1990, 1st in 1991-2000 and 1st in 2001-2014.

Vologda and Russia do not follow the same trend in the disconnectivity of their street network constructions. The SNDi in Vologda peaked in 1991-2000, while the SNDi of street constructions in Russia rose steadily.

How do development practices in Vologda fare in comparison to others in Russia? Most recently in 2001-2014, street construction in Vologda was the 32nd-most disconnected out of the 206 cities in Russia. Its position in the ranks since 1975 has risen; relative to other cities in Russia, street construction in Vologda has become more disconnected. Vologda ranked 84th in 1975, 82nd in 1976-1990, 5th in 1991-2000 and 32nd in 2001-2014.

Vologda and Vologda follow the same trend in the disconnectivity of their aggregate street networks. The SNDi for both of these rose steadily.

To date, Vologda is the 1st-most disconnected out of the 2 cities in Vologda. Its position in the ranks since 1975 has not changed. Vologda ranked 1st in 1975, 1st in 1976-1990, 1st in 1991-2000 and 1st in 2001-2014.

Vologda and Russia follow the same trend in the disconnectivity of their aggregate street networks. The SNDi for both of these rose steadily.

To date, Vologda is the 72nd-most disconnected out of the 206 cities in Russia. Its position in the ranks since 1975 has risen; relative to other cities in Russia, the street network in Vologda has become more disconnected. Vologda ranked 84th in 1975, 90th in 1976-1990, 77th in 1991-2000 and 72nd in 2001-2014.

As of 2015, Vologda had a built-up area of 46.91 square kilometers, and a population of 274859 people.

These are some other cities with approximately the same population: