Street-network Sprawl in Khakass, Russia

What is Street-network sprawl?

Street-network Sprawl is a way to measure urban sprawl, worldwide, through the connectedness of the streets. Less sprawl means more connected, more walkable streets. Well-connected streets – like New York City’s grid – are more walkable and can be served by public transit.

The street network is permanent, and its connectivity affects the livability and environmental footprint of cities for decades and centuries to come. In places with more connected streets, residents drive less and walk more. A well-connected street network is associated with better outcomes for health, the environment, sustainable consumption, social integration, and equity.

We can quantify how connected street networks are with the Street Network Disconnectedness Index (SNDi).

SNDi -- our measure of street-network sprawl (disconnectedness)

The SNDi is a comprehensive measurement of “sprawl”. It captures:

A higher SNDi means less-connected streets – i.e., more sprawl. For the 10137 cities in our dataset, the average SNDi is 2.25, with half of the cities' SNDis falling between 1.08 and 3.25.

More information on the sprawl index can be found in these research papers:

To see the state of street-network sprawl across the globe, visit the sprawlmap.

Khakass: region in Russia

What exactly constitutes the spatial extent of the city? For these aggregations, we used the Global Human Settlement Layer Urban Center Database (GHS-UCDB) to define the boundaries of the city. These cities -- or urban centers -- cover areas that are densely populated and built-up, and so may extend beyond the spatial borders of these cities that we may be familiar with. The GHS area is shaded in blue.

View Khakass, Russia on the sprawlmap

Most recent snapshot: Taking into account the entire (i.e. aggregate) street network in Khakass as of 2014, the overall level of street-network sprawl is 2.95, which is in the 40th to 60th percentile of disconnectedness.

Trends in street network construction: The SNDis of street construction for the respective time periods are 2.54, 2.58, 3.66 and 4.28. In each period, new street development in Khakass steadily grows more disconnected than in the last.

Quantity of street network construction: The street network in Khakass spans a total of 2896 kilometers. It is dominated by roads constructed in 1976-1990. These roads have an SNDi of 2.58, which is in the 40th to 60th percentile of disconnectedness.

Effect on the aggregate network: New construction in each period adds to the total stock of streets, but does not change streets that have already been built. Therefore, it has a limited effect on the street network as a whole. The SNDis of the aggregate street network in the respective time periods are 2.54, 2.56, 2.79 and 2.95. Overall, the SNDi of the aggregate street network has risen: the street network in Khakass has become more disconnected.

The level of street-network sprawl in new development in Khakass rose steadily. To get a sense of how street development has changed in Khakass, we can consider one of its most populous cities: Chernogorsk. None of the most populous cities follow the same trend as the region. The level of street-network sprawl in new development in Chernogorsk followed a zig-zag trend with an overall decrease.

How do development practices in Khakass fare in comparison to others in Russia? Most recently in 2001-2014, street construction in Khakass was the 71st-most disconnected out of the 79 regions in Russia. Its position in the ranks since 1975 has fallen; relative to other regions in Russia, street construction in Khakass has become more connected. Khakass ranked 53rd in 1975, 74th in 1976-1990, 72nd in 1991-2000 and 71st in 2001-2014.

As of 2014, the city with the most disconnected street network in Khakass is Chernogorsk with an SNDi of 0.85, which is relatively well-connected. Conversely, the most connected city is Chernogorsk with an SNDi of 0.85, which is relatively well-connected. See trends for these cities: Chernogorsk, Chernogorsk

The level of street-network sprawl in the aggregate network in Khakass rose steadily. To get a sense of how the aggregate street network has changed in Khakass, we can consider one of its most populous cities: Chernogorsk. None of the most populous cities follow the same trend as the region. The level of street-network sprawl in the aggregate network in Chernogorsk followed a zig-zag trend with an overall decrease.

To date, Khakass is the 69th-most disconnected out of the 79 regions in Russia. Its position in the ranks since 1975 has fallen; relative to other regions in Russia, the street network in Khakass has become more connected. Khakass ranked 53rd in 1975, 70th in 1976-1990, 69th in 1991-2000 and 69th in 2001-2014.