Street-network Sprawl in Timiș, Romania

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What is Street-network sprawl?

Street-network Sprawl is a way to measure urban sprawl, worldwide, through the connectedness of the streets. Less sprawl means more connected, more walkable streets. Well-connected streets – like New York City’s grid – are more walkable and can be served by public transit.

The street network is permanent, and its connectivity affects the livability and environmental footprint of cities for decades and centuries to come. In places with more connected streets, residents drive less and walk more. A well-connected street network is associated with better outcomes for health, the environment, sustainable consumption, social integration, and equity.

We can quantify how connected street networks are with the Street Network Disconnectedness Index (SNDi).

SNDi -- our measure of street-network sprawl (disconnectedness)

The SNDi is a comprehensive measurement of “sprawl”. It captures:

• nodal degree
• dendricity, the tree-likeness of the street network
• circuity, the ratio of the distance by road to the straight-line distance of two locations on the street network
• sinuosity, the curviness of a street

A higher SNDi means less-connected streets – i.e., more sprawl. For the 10137 cities in our dataset, the average SNDi is 2.25, with half of the cities' SNDis falling between 1.08 and 3.25.

More information on the sprawl index can be found in these research papers:

• Global trends toward urban street-network sprawl
• A global assessment of street-network sprawl

To see the state of street-network sprawl across the globe, visit the sprawlmap.

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Timiș: region in Romania

What exactly constitutes the spatial extent of the city? For these aggregations, we used the Global Human Settlement Layer Urban Center Database (GHS-UCDB) to define the boundaries of the city. These cities -- or urban centers -- cover areas that are densely populated and built-up, and so may extend beyond the spatial borders of these cities that we may be familiar with. The GHS area is shaded in blue.

View Timiș, Romania on the sprawlmap

How have Timiș's street networks changed over time?

Most recent snapshot: Taking into account the entire (i.e. aggregate) street network in Timiș as of 2014, the overall level of street-network sprawl is 2.46, which is in the 40th to 60th percentile of disconnectedness.

Trends in street network construction: The SNDis of street construction for the respective time periods are 1.56, 2.98, 3.87 and 3.38. Street construction in Timiș increased in disconnectivity initially but has since improved. The streets constructed in 1991-2000 were the most disconnected.

Quantity of street network construction: The street network in Timiș spans a total of 6586 kilometers. It is dominated by roads constructed in 1976-1990. These roads have an SNDi of 2.98, which is in the 40th to 60th percentile of disconnectedness.

Effect on the aggregate network: New construction in each period adds to the total stock of streets, but does not change streets that have already been built. Therefore, it has a limited effect on the street network as a whole. The SNDis of the aggregate street network in the respective time periods are 1.56, 2.18, 2.35 and 2.46. Overall, the SNDi of the aggregate street network has risen: the street network in Timiș has become more disconnected. This increase has slowed: between 1975 and 1976-1990, SNDi rose by 0.62 points, but between 1991-2000 and 2001-2014, it rose by just 0.1.

Timiș in context: Street-network sprawl of new development

The level of street-network sprawl in new development in Timiș peaked in 1991-2000. To get a sense of how street development has changed in Timiș, we can consider one of its most populous cities: Timișoara. None of the most populous cities follow the same trend as the region. The level of street-network sprawl in new development in Timișoara rose steadily.

How do development practices in Timiș fare in comparison to others in Romania? Most recently in 2001-2014, street construction in Timiș was the 24th-most disconnected out of the 28 regions in Romania. Its position in the ranks since 1975 has not changed. Timiș ranked 24th in 1975, 18th in 1976-1990, 23rd in 1991-2000 and 24th in 2001-2014.

Timiș in context: Aggregate street-network sprawl

As of 2014, the city with the most disconnected street network in Timiș is Timișoara with an SNDi of 1.25, which is relatively well-connected. Conversely, the most connected city is Timișoara with an SNDi of 1.25, which is relatively well-connected. See trends for these cities: Timișoara, Timișoara

The level of street-network sprawl in the aggregate network in Timiș rose steadily. To get a sense of how the aggregate street network has changed in Timiș, we can consider one of its most populous cities: Timișoara. Disconnectivity in the most populous cities in Timiș follow the same region trend.

To date, Timiș is the 21st-most disconnected out of the 28 regions in Romania. Its position in the ranks since 1975 has risen; relative to other regions in Romania, the street network in Timiș has become more disconnected. Timiș ranked 24th in 1975, 21st in 1976-1990, 20th in 1991-2000 and 21st in 2001-2014.

Cities in Timiș

• Timișoara