Street-network Sprawl in Moquegua, Peru

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What is Street-network sprawl?

Street-network Sprawl is a way to measure urban sprawl, worldwide, through the connectedness of the streets. Less sprawl means more connected, more walkable streets. Well-connected streets – like New York City’s grid – are more walkable and can be served by public transit.

The street network is permanent, and its connectivity affects the livability and environmental footprint of cities for decades and centuries to come. In places with more connected streets, residents drive less and walk more. A well-connected street network is associated with better outcomes for health, the environment, sustainable consumption, social integration, and equity.

We can quantify how connected street networks are with the Street Network Disconnectedness Index (SNDi).

SNDi -- our measure of street-network sprawl (disconnectedness)

The SNDi is a comprehensive measurement of “sprawl”. It captures:

• nodal degree
• dendricity, the tree-likeness of the street network
• circuity, the ratio of the distance by road to the straight-line distance of two locations on the street network
• sinuosity, the curviness of a street

A higher SNDi means less-connected streets – i.e., more sprawl. For the 10137 cities in our dataset, the average SNDi is 2.25, with half of the cities' SNDis falling between 1.08 and 3.25.

More information on the sprawl index can be found in these research papers:

• Global trends toward urban street-network sprawl
• A global assessment of street-network sprawl

To see the state of street-network sprawl across the globe, visit the sprawlmap.

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Moquegua: region in Peru

What exactly constitutes the spatial extent of the city? For these aggregations, we used the Global Human Settlement Layer Urban Center Database (GHS-UCDB) to define the boundaries of the city. These cities -- or urban centers -- cover areas that are densely populated and built-up, and so may extend beyond the spatial borders of these cities that we may be familiar with. The GHS area is shaded in blue.

View Moquegua, Peru on the sprawlmap

How have Moquegua's street networks changed over time?

Most recent snapshot: Taking into account the entire (i.e. aggregate) street network in Moquegua as of 2014, the overall level of street-network sprawl is 4.28, which is highly disconnected.

Trends in street network construction: The SNDis of street construction for the respective time periods are 4.13, 5.25, 4.58 and 3.32. Street construction in Moquegua increased in disconnectivity initially but has since improved. The streets constructed in 1976-1990 were the most disconnected.

Quantity of street network construction: The street network in Moquegua spans a total of 2168 kilometers. The period with the greatest volume of street construction was 1975. These roads have an SNDi of 4.13, which is highly disconnected.

Effect on the aggregate network: New construction in each period adds to the total stock of streets, but does not change streets that have already been built. Therefore, it has a limited effect on the street network as a whole. The SNDis of the aggregate street network in the respective time periods are 4.13, 4.6, 4.64 and 4.28. The aggregate street network in Moquegua increased in disconnectivity initially,but the trend has turned around after 2000.

Moquegua in context: Street-network sprawl of new development

The level of street-network sprawl in new development in Moquegua peaked in 1976-1990. To get a sense of how street development has changed in Moquegua, we can consider one of its most populous cities: Ilo. None of the most populous cities follow the same trend as the region. The level of street-network sprawl in new development in Ilo fell steadily.

How do development practices in Moquegua fare in comparison to others in Peru? Most recently in 2001-2014, street construction in Moquegua was the 13th-most disconnected out of the 23 regions in Peru. Its position in the ranks since 1975 has fallen; relative to other regions in Peru, street construction in Moquegua has become more connected. Moquegua ranked 2nd in 1975, 1st in 1976-1990, 8th in 1991-2000 and 13th in 2001-2014.

Moquegua in context: Aggregate street-network sprawl

As of 2014, the city with the most disconnected street network in Moquegua is Ilo with an SNDi of 2.26, which is relatively well-connected. Conversely, the most connected city is Ilo with an SNDi of 2.26, which is relatively well-connected. See trends for these cities: Ilo, Ilo

The level of street-network sprawl in the aggregate network in Moquegua peaked in 1991-2000. To get a sense of how the aggregate street network has changed in Moquegua, we can consider one of its most populous cities: Ilo. None of the most populous cities follow the same trend as the region. The level of street-network sprawl in the aggregate network in Ilo fell steadily.

To date, Moquegua is the 2nd-most disconnected out of the 23 regions in Peru. Its position in the ranks since 1975 has not changed. Moquegua ranked 2nd in 1975, 1st in 1976-1990, 1st in 1991-2000 and 2nd in 2001-2014.

Cities in Moquegua

• Ilo