Street-network Sprawl in Chakdara, Pakistan

What is Street-network sprawl?

Street-network Sprawl is a way to measure urban sprawl, worldwide, through the connectedness of the streets. Less sprawl means more connected, more walkable streets. Well-connected streets – like New York City’s grid – are more walkable and can be served by public transit.

The street network is permanent, and its connectivity affects the livability and environmental footprint of cities for decades and centuries to come. In places with more connected streets, residents drive less and walk more. A well-connected street network is associated with better outcomes for health, the environment, sustainable consumption, social integration, and equity.

We can quantify how connected street networks are with the Street Network Disconnectedness Index (SNDi).

SNDi -- our measure of street-network sprawl (disconnectedness)

The SNDi is a comprehensive measurement of “sprawl”. It captures:

A higher SNDi means less-connected streets – i.e., more sprawl. For the 10137 cities in our dataset, the average SNDi is 2.25, with half of the cities' SNDis falling between 1.08 and 3.25.

More information on the sprawl index can be found in these research papers:

To see the state of street-network sprawl across the globe, visit the sprawlmap.

Chakdara: city in N.W.F.P., Pakistan

What exactly constitutes the spatial extent of the city? For these aggregations, we used the Global Human Settlement Layer Urban Center Database (GHS-UCDB) to define the boundaries of the city. These cities -- or urban centers -- cover areas that are densely populated and built-up, and so may extend beyond the spatial borders of these cities that we may be familiar with. The GHS area is shaded in blue.

View Chakdara, Pakistan on the sprawlmap

Most recent snapshot: Taking into account the entire (i.e. aggregate) street network in Chakdara as of 2014, the overall level of street-network sprawl is 5.76, which is highly disconnected.

Trends in street network construction: The SNDis of street construction for the respective time periods are 4.77, 6.51, nan and nan. Data was not available in 1991-2000 and 2001-2014.

Quantity of street network construction: The street network in Chakdara spans a total of 78 kilometers. It is dominated by roads constructed in 1976-1990. These roads have an SNDi of 6.51, which is highly disconnected.

Effect on the aggregate network: New construction in each period adds to the total stock of streets, but does not change streets that have already been built. Therefore, it has a limited effect on the street network as a whole. The SNDis of the aggregate street network in the respective time periods are 4.77, 5.81, 5.42 and 5.76. Disconnectivity in Chakdara's street network follows a zig-zag trend. In 1975, the city was most disconnected; while it was most connected in 1976-1990.

Chakdara and N.W.F.P. do not follow the same trend in the disconnectivity of their street network constructions. There was not enough data from the city, while the SNDi of street constructions in N.W.F.P. followed a zig-zag trend with an overall increase.

How do development practices in Chakdara fare in comparison to others in N.W.F.P.? out of the 41 cities in N.W.F.P.. Its position in the ranks since 1975 has risen; relative to other cities in N.W.F.P., street construction in Chakdara has become more disconnected. Chakdara ranked 8th in 1975 and 3rd in 1976-1990. There was no ranking in 1991-2000 and 2001-2014 due to unavailable data.

Chakdara and Pakistan do not follow the same trend in the disconnectivity of their street network constructions. There was not enough data from the city, while the SNDi of street constructions in Pakistan peaked in 1991-2000.

How do development practices in Chakdara fare in comparison to others in Pakistan? out of the 198 cities in Pakistan. Its position in the ranks since 1975 has risen; relative to other cities in Pakistan, street construction in Chakdara has become more disconnected. Chakdara ranked 20th in 1975 and 4th in 1976-1990. There was no ranking in 1991-2000 and 2001-2014 due to unavailable data.

Chakdara and N.W.F.P. do not follow the same trend in the disconnectivity of their aggregate street networks. The SNDi in Chakdara followed a zig-zag trend with an overall increase, while the SNDi of street constructions in N.W.F.P. was at its lowest in 1976-1990.

To date, Chakdara is the 6th-most disconnected out of the 41 cities in N.W.F.P.. Its position in the ranks since 1975 has risen; relative to other cities in N.W.F.P., the street network in Chakdara has become more disconnected. Chakdara ranked 8th in 1975, 5th in 1976-1990, 6th in 1991-2000 and 6th in 2001-2014.

Chakdara and Pakistan do not follow the same trend in the disconnectivity of their aggregate street networks. The SNDi in Chakdara followed a zig-zag trend with an overall increase, while the SNDi of street constructions in Pakistan rose steadily.

To date, Chakdara is the 10th-most disconnected out of the 198 cities in Pakistan. Its position in the ranks since 1975 has risen; relative to other cities in Pakistan, the street network in Chakdara has become more disconnected. Chakdara ranked 20th in 1975, 11th in 1976-1990, 16th in 1991-2000 and 10th in 2001-2014.

As of 2015, Chakdara had a built-up area of 1.34 square kilometers, and a population of 312554 people.

These are some other cities with approximately the same population: