Street-network Sprawl in Muscat, Oman

What is Street-network sprawl?

Street-network Sprawl is a way to measure urban sprawl, worldwide, through the connectedness of the streets. Less sprawl means more connected, more walkable streets. Well-connected streets – like New York City’s grid – are more walkable and can be served by public transit.

The street network is permanent, and its connectivity affects the livability and environmental footprint of cities for decades and centuries to come. In places with more connected streets, residents drive less and walk more. A well-connected street network is associated with better outcomes for health, the environment, sustainable consumption, social integration, and equity.

We can quantify how connected street networks are with the Street Network Disconnectedness Index (SNDi).

SNDi -- our measure of street-network sprawl (disconnectedness)

The SNDi is a comprehensive measurement of “sprawl”. It captures:

A higher SNDi means less-connected streets – i.e., more sprawl. For the 10137 cities in our dataset, the average SNDi is 2.25, with half of the cities' SNDis falling between 1.08 and 3.25.

More information on the sprawl index can be found in these research papers:

To see the state of street-network sprawl across the globe, visit the sprawlmap.

Muscat: city in Oman

What exactly constitutes the spatial extent of the city? For these aggregations, we used the Global Human Settlement Layer Urban Center Database (GHS-UCDB) to define the boundaries of the city. These cities -- or urban centers -- cover areas that are densely populated and built-up, and so may extend beyond the spatial borders of these cities that we may be familiar with. The GHS area is shaded in blue.

View Muscat, Oman on the sprawlmap

Most recent snapshot: Taking into account the entire (i.e. aggregate) street network in Muscat as of 2014, the overall level of street-network sprawl is 3.32, which is highly disconnected.

Trends in street network construction: The SNDis of street construction for the respective time periods are 4.4, 2.79, 4.36 and 3.04. Disconnectivity in street construction in Muscat follows a zig-zag trend. In 1976-1990, street construction was most disconnected, while construction was most connected in 1975.

Quantity of street network construction: The street network in Muscat spans a total of 233 kilometers. It is dominated by roads constructed in 1976-1990. These roads have an SNDi of 2.79, which is in the 40th to 60th percentile of disconnectedness.

Effect on the aggregate network: New construction in each period adds to the total stock of streets, but does not change streets that have already been built. Therefore, it has a limited effect on the street network as a whole. The SNDis of the aggregate street network in the respective time periods are 4.4, 2.88, 3.36 and 3.32. Disconnectivity in Muscat's street network follows a zig-zag trend. In 1976-1990, the city was most disconnected; while it was most connected in 1975.

Muscat and Muscat do not follow the same trend in the disconnectivity of their street network constructions. The SNDi in Muscat followed a zig-zag trend with an overall decrease, while the SNDi of street constructions in Muscat was at its lowest in 1976-1990.

How do development practices in Muscat fare in comparison to others in Muscat? Most recently in 2001-2014, street construction in Muscat was the 4th-most disconnected out of the 4 cities in Muscat. Its position in the ranks since 1975 has fallen; relative to other cities in Muscat, street construction in Muscat has become more connected. Muscat ranked 3rd in 1975, 4th in 1976-1990, 1st in 1991-2000 and 4th in 2001-2014.

Muscat and Oman follow the same trend in the disconnectivity of their street network constructions. The SNDi for both of these followed a zig-zag trend with an overall decrease.

How do development practices in Muscat fare in comparison to others in Oman? Most recently in 2001-2014, street construction in Muscat was the 7th-most disconnected out of the 11 cities in Oman. Its position in the ranks since 1975 has fallen; relative to other cities in Oman, street construction in Muscat has become more connected. Muscat ranked 3rd in 1975, 7th in 1976-1990, 1st in 1991-2000 and 7th in 2001-2014.

Muscat and Muscat do not follow the same trend in the disconnectivity of their aggregate street networks. The SNDi in Muscat followed a zig-zag trend with an overall decrease, while the SNDi of street constructions in Muscat fell steadily.

To date, Muscat is the 4th-most disconnected out of the 4 cities in Muscat. Its position in the ranks since 1975 has fallen; relative to other cities in Muscat, the street network in Muscat has become more connected. Muscat ranked 3rd in 1975, 4th in 1976-1990, 4th in 1991-2000 and 4th in 2001-2014.

Muscat and Oman follow the same trend in the disconnectivity of their aggregate street networks. The SNDi for both of these followed a zig-zag trend with an overall decrease.

To date, Muscat is the 5th-most disconnected out of the 11 cities in Oman. Its position in the ranks since 1975 has fallen; relative to other cities in Oman, the street network in Muscat has become more connected. Muscat ranked 3rd in 1975, 8th in 1976-1990, 4th in 1991-2000 and 5th in 2001-2014.

As of 2015, Muscat had a built-up area of 4.96 square kilometers, and a population of 119038 people.

These are some other cities with approximately the same population: