Street-network Sprawl in Gouda, Netherlands

What is Street-network sprawl?

Street-network Sprawl is a way to measure urban sprawl, worldwide, through the connectedness of the streets. Less sprawl means more connected, more walkable streets. Well-connected streets – like New York City’s grid – are more walkable and can be served by public transit.

The street network is permanent, and its connectivity affects the livability and environmental footprint of cities for decades and centuries to come. In places with more connected streets, residents drive less and walk more. A well-connected street network is associated with better outcomes for health, the environment, sustainable consumption, social integration, and equity.

We can quantify how connected street networks are with the Street Network Disconnectedness Index (SNDi).

SNDi -- our measure of street-network sprawl (disconnectedness)

The SNDi is a comprehensive measurement of “sprawl”. It captures:

A higher SNDi means less-connected streets – i.e., more sprawl. For the 10137 cities in our dataset, the average SNDi is 2.25, with half of the cities' SNDis falling between 1.08 and 3.25.

More information on the sprawl index can be found in these research papers:

To see the state of street-network sprawl across the globe, visit the sprawlmap.

Gouda: city in Zuid-Holland, Netherlands

What exactly constitutes the spatial extent of the city? For these aggregations, we used the Global Human Settlement Layer Urban Center Database (GHS-UCDB) to define the boundaries of the city. These cities -- or urban centers -- cover areas that are densely populated and built-up, and so may extend beyond the spatial borders of these cities that we may be familiar with. The GHS area is shaded in blue.

View Gouda, Netherlands on the sprawlmap

Most recent snapshot: Taking into account the entire (i.e. aggregate) street network in Gouda as of 2014, the overall level of street-network sprawl is 1.61, which is relatively well-connected.

Trends in street network construction: The SNDis of street construction for the respective time periods are 1.51, 1.92, 2.0 and 2.15. In each period, new street development in Gouda steadily grows more disconnected than in the last. This increase has slowed: between 1975 and 1976-1990, SNDi rose by 0.41 points, but between 1991-2000 and 2001-2014, it rose by just 0.15.

Quantity of street network construction: The street network in Gouda spans a total of 393 kilometers. It is dominated by roads constructed prior to 1975. These roads have an SNDi of 1.51, which is relatively well-connected.

Effect on the aggregate network: New construction in each period adds to the total stock of streets, but does not change streets that have already been built. Therefore, it has a limited effect on the street network as a whole. The SNDis of the aggregate street network in the respective time periods are 1.51, 1.58, 1.6 and 1.61. Overall, the SNDi of the aggregate street network has risen: the street network in Gouda has become more disconnected. This increase has slowed: between 1975 and 1976-1990, SNDi rose by 0.07 points, but between 1991-2000 and 2001-2014, it rose by just 0.01.

Gouda and Zuid-Holland do not follow the same trend in the disconnectivity of their street network constructions. The SNDi in Gouda rose steadily, while the SNDi of street constructions in Zuid-Holland followed a zig-zag trend with an overall increase.

How do development practices in Gouda fare in comparison to others in Zuid-Holland? Most recently in 2001-2014, street construction in Gouda was the 3rd-most disconnected out of the 6 cities in Zuid-Holland. Its position in the ranks since 1975 has risen; relative to other cities in Zuid-Holland, street construction in Gouda has become more disconnected. Gouda ranked 4th in 1975, 4th in 1976-1990, 3rd in 1991-2000 and 3rd in 2001-2014.

Gouda and Netherlands follow the same trend in the disconnectivity of their street network constructions. The SNDi for both of these rose steadily.

How do development practices in Gouda fare in comparison to others in Netherlands? Most recently in 2001-2014, street construction in Gouda was the 15th-most disconnected out of the 37 cities in Netherlands. Its position in the ranks since 1975 has fallen; relative to other cities in Netherlands, street construction in Gouda has become more connected. Gouda ranked 12th in 1975, 15th in 1976-1990, 14th in 1991-2000 and 15th in 2001-2014.

Gouda and Zuid-Holland follow the same trend in the disconnectivity of their aggregate street networks. The SNDi for both of these rose steadily.

To date, Gouda is the 4th-most disconnected out of the 6 cities in Zuid-Holland. Its position in the ranks since 1975 has not changed. Gouda ranked 4th in 1975, 4th in 1976-1990, 4th in 1991-2000 and 4th in 2001-2014.

Gouda and Netherlands follow the same trend in the disconnectivity of their aggregate street networks. The SNDi for both of these rose steadily.

To date, Gouda is the 13th-most disconnected out of the 37 cities in Netherlands. Its position in the ranks since 1975 has fallen; relative to other cities in Netherlands, the street network in Gouda has become more connected. Gouda ranked 12th in 1975, 13th in 1976-1990, 13th in 1991-2000 and 13th in 2001-2014.

As of 2015, Gouda had a built-up area of 19.21 square kilometers, and a population of 84968 people.

These are some other cities with approximately the same population: