Street-network Sprawl in Biškek, Kyrgyzstan

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What is Street-network sprawl?

Street-network Sprawl is a way to measure urban sprawl, worldwide, through the connectedness of the streets. Less sprawl means more connected, more walkable streets. Well-connected streets – like New York City’s grid – are more walkable and can be served by public transit.

The street network is permanent, and its connectivity affects the livability and environmental footprint of cities for decades and centuries to come. In places with more connected streets, residents drive less and walk more. A well-connected street network is associated with better outcomes for health, the environment, sustainable consumption, social integration, and equity.

We can quantify how connected street networks are with the Street Network Disconnectedness Index (SNDi).

SNDi -- our measure of street-network sprawl (disconnectedness)

The SNDi is a comprehensive measurement of “sprawl”. It captures:

• nodal degree
• dendricity, the tree-likeness of the street network
• circuity, the ratio of the distance by road to the straight-line distance of two locations on the street network
• sinuosity, the curviness of a street

A higher SNDi means less-connected streets – i.e., more sprawl. For the 10137 cities in our dataset, the average SNDi is 2.25, with half of the cities' SNDis falling between 1.08 and 3.25.

More information on the sprawl index can be found in these research papers:

• Global trends toward urban street-network sprawl
• A global assessment of street-network sprawl

To see the state of street-network sprawl across the globe, visit the sprawlmap.

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Biškek: region in Kyrgyzstan

What exactly constitutes the spatial extent of the city? For these aggregations, we used the Global Human Settlement Layer Urban Center Database (GHS-UCDB) to define the boundaries of the city. These cities -- or urban centers -- cover areas that are densely populated and built-up, and so may extend beyond the spatial borders of these cities that we may be familiar with. The GHS area is shaded in blue.

View Biškek, Kyrgyzstan on the sprawlmap

How have Biškek's street networks changed over time?

Most recent snapshot: Taking into account the entire (i.e. aggregate) street network in Biškek as of 2014, the overall level of street-network sprawl is 2.44, which is in the 40th to 60th percentile of disconnectedness.

Trends in street network construction: The SNDis of street construction for the respective time periods are 2.15, 2.57, 1.98 and 2.56. Disconnectivity in street construction in Biškek follows a zig-zag trend. In 1991-2000, street construction was most disconnected, while construction was most connected in 1976-1990.

Quantity of street network construction: The street network in Biškek spans a total of 1874 kilometers. It is dominated by roads constructed in 2001-2014. These roads have an SNDi of 2.56, which is in the 40th to 60th percentile of disconnectedness.

Effect on the aggregate network: New construction in each period adds to the total stock of streets, but does not change streets that have already been built. Therefore, it has a limited effect on the street network as a whole. The SNDis of the aggregate street network in the respective time periods are 2.15, 2.2, 2.13 and 2.44. Disconnectivity in Biškek's street network follows a zig-zag trend. In 1991-2000, the region was most disconnected; while it was most connected in 2001-2014.

Biškek in context: Street-network sprawl of new development

The level of street-network sprawl in new development in Biškek followed a zig-zag trend with an overall increase. To get a sense of how street development has changed in Biškek, we can consider one of its most populous cities: Bishkek. Disconnectivity in the most populous cities in Biškek follow the same region trend.

How do development practices in Biškek fare in comparison to others in Kyrgyzstan? Most recently in 2001-2014, street construction in Biškek was the 4th-most disconnected out of the 4 regions in Kyrgyzstan. Its position in the ranks since 1975 has not changed. Biškek ranked 4th in 1975, 4th in 1976-1990, 4th in 1991-2000 and 4th in 2001-2014.

Biškek in context: Aggregate street-network sprawl

As of 2014, the city with the most disconnected street network in Biškek is Bishkek with an SNDi of 2.41, which is in the 40th to 60th percentile of disconnectedness. Conversely, the most connected city is Bishkek with an SNDi of 2.41, which is in the 40th to 60th percentile of disconnectedness. See trends for these cities: Bishkek, Bishkek

The level of street-network sprawl in the aggregate network in Biškek followed a zig-zag trend with an overall increase. To get a sense of how the aggregate street network has changed in Biškek, we can consider one of its most populous cities: Bishkek. Disconnectivity in the most populous cities in Biškek follow the same region trend.

To date, Biškek is the 4th-most disconnected out of the 4 regions in Kyrgyzstan. Its position in the ranks since 1975 has not changed. Biškek ranked 4th in 1975, 4th in 1976-1990, 4th in 1991-2000 and 4th in 2001-2014.

Cities in Biškek

• Bishkek