Parma: city in Emilia-Romagna, Italy
What exactly constitutes the spatial extent of the city? For these aggregations, we used the Global Human Settlement Layer Urban Center Database (GHS-UCDB) to define the boundaries of the city. These cities -- or urban centers -- cover areas that are densely populated and built-up, and so may extend beyond the spatial borders of these cities that we may be familiar with. The GHS area is shaded in blue.
View Parma, Italy on the sprawlmap
Most recent snapshot: Taking into account the entire (i.e. aggregate) street network in Parma as of 2014, the overall level of street-network sprawl is 2.23, which is relatively well-connected.
Trends in street network construction: The SNDis of street construction for the respective time periods are 2.12, 2.67, 3.09 and 4.02. In each period, new street development in Parma steadily grows more disconnected than in the last.
Quantity of street network construction: The street network in Parma spans a total of 382 kilometers. It is dominated by roads constructed prior to 1975. These roads have an SNDi of 2.12, which is relatively well-connected.
Effect on the aggregate network: New construction in each period adds to the total stock of streets, but does not change streets that have already been built. Therefore, it has a limited effect on the street network as a whole. The SNDis of the aggregate street network in the respective time periods are 2.12, 2.15, 2.17 and 2.23. Overall, the SNDi of the aggregate street network has risen: the street network in Parma has become more disconnected.
Parma and Emilia-Romagna do not follow the same trend in the disconnectivity of their street network constructions. The SNDi in Parma rose steadily, while the SNDi of street constructions in Emilia-Romagna peaked in 1991-2000.
How do development practices in Parma fare in comparison to others in Emilia-Romagna? Most recently in 2001-2014, street construction in Parma was the 4th-most disconnected out of the 9 cities in Emilia-Romagna. Its position in the ranks since 1975 has fallen; relative to other cities in Emilia-Romagna, street construction in Parma has become more connected. Parma ranked 1st in 1975, 6th in 1976-1990, 6th in 1991-2000 and 4th in 2001-2014.
Parma and Italy do not follow the same trend in the disconnectivity of their street network constructions. The SNDi in Parma rose steadily, while the SNDi of street constructions in Italy peaked in 1991-2000.
How do development practices in Parma fare in comparison to others in Italy? Most recently in 2001-2014, street construction in Parma was the 37th-most disconnected out of the 91 cities in Italy. Its position in the ranks since 1975 has fallen; relative to other cities in Italy, street construction in Parma has become more connected. Parma ranked 27th in 1975, 57th in 1976-1990, 48th in 1991-2000 and 37th in 2001-2014.
Parma and Emilia-Romagna follow the same trend in the disconnectivity of their aggregate street networks. The SNDi for both of these rose steadily.
To date, Parma is the 2nd-most disconnected out of the 9 cities in Emilia-Romagna. Its position in the ranks since 1975 has fallen; relative to other cities in Emilia-Romagna, the street network in Parma has become more connected. Parma ranked 1st in 1975, 3rd in 1976-1990, 2nd in 1991-2000 and 2nd in 2001-2014.
Parma and Italy follow the same trend in the disconnectivity of their aggregate street networks. The SNDi for both of these rose steadily.
To date, Parma is the 36th-most disconnected out of the 91 cities in Italy. Its position in the ranks since 1975 has fallen; relative to other cities in Italy, the street network in Parma has become more connected. Parma ranked 27th in 1975, 38th in 1976-1990, 37th in 1991-2000 and 36th in 2001-2014.
As of 2015, Parma had a built-up area of 17.2 square kilometers, and a population of 136468 people.
These are some other cities with approximately the same population: