Street-network Sprawl in Kedung Ringin, Indonesia

What is Street-network sprawl?

Street-network Sprawl is a way to measure urban sprawl, worldwide, through the connectedness of the streets. Less sprawl means more connected, more walkable streets. Well-connected streets – like New York City’s grid – are more walkable and can be served by public transit.

The street network is permanent, and its connectivity affects the livability and environmental footprint of cities for decades and centuries to come. In places with more connected streets, residents drive less and walk more. A well-connected street network is associated with better outcomes for health, the environment, sustainable consumption, social integration, and equity.

We can quantify how connected street networks are with the Street Network Disconnectedness Index (SNDi).

SNDi -- our measure of street-network sprawl (disconnectedness)

The SNDi is a comprehensive measurement of “sprawl”. It captures:

A higher SNDi means less-connected streets – i.e., more sprawl. For the 10137 cities in our dataset, the average SNDi is 2.25, with half of the cities' SNDis falling between 1.08 and 3.25.

More information on the sprawl index can be found in these research papers:

To see the state of street-network sprawl across the globe, visit the sprawlmap.

Kedung Ringin: city in Lampung, Indonesia

What exactly constitutes the spatial extent of the city? For these aggregations, we used the Global Human Settlement Layer Urban Center Database (GHS-UCDB) to define the boundaries of the city. These cities -- or urban centers -- cover areas that are densely populated and built-up, and so may extend beyond the spatial borders of these cities that we may be familiar with. The GHS area is shaded in blue.

View Kedung Ringin, Indonesia on the sprawlmap

Most recent snapshot: Taking into account the entire (i.e. aggregate) street network in Kedung Ringin as of 2014, the overall level of street-network sprawl is 0.78, which is relatively well-connected.

Trends in street network construction: The SNDis of street construction for the respective time periods are nan, nan, 0.93 and 0.23. Data was not available in 1975 and 1976-1990.

Quantity of street network construction: The street network in Kedung Ringin spans a total of 64 kilometers. It is dominated by roads constructed prior to 1975. These roads have an SNDi of nan, which is highly disconnected.

Effect on the aggregate network: New construction in each period adds to the total stock of streets, but does not change streets that have already been built. Therefore, it has a limited effect on the street network as a whole. The SNDis of the aggregate street network in the respective time periods are nan, nan, 0.93 and 0.78. Data was not available in 1975 and 1976-1990.

Kedung Ringin and Lampung do not follow the same trend in the disconnectivity of their street network constructions. There was not enough data from the city, as well as the Lampung's street network construction.

How do development practices in Kedung Ringin fare in comparison to others in Lampung? Most recently in 2001-2014, street construction in Kedung Ringin was the 8th-most disconnected out of the 12 cities in Lampung. Its position in the ranks since 1975 has risen; relative to other cities in Lampung, street construction in Kedung Ringin has become more disconnected. Kedung Ringin ranked 9th in 1991-2000 and 8th in 2001-2014. There was no ranking in 1975 and 1976-1990 due to unavailable data.

Kedung Ringin and Indonesia do not follow the same trend in the disconnectivity of their street network constructions. There was not enough data from the city, while the SNDi of street constructions in Indonesia followed a zig-zag trend with an overall increase.

How do development practices in Kedung Ringin fare in comparison to others in Indonesia? Most recently in 2001-2014, street construction in Kedung Ringin was the 278th-most disconnected out of the 363 cities in Indonesia. Its position in the ranks since 1975 has fallen; relative to other cities in Indonesia, street construction in Kedung Ringin has become more connected. Kedung Ringin ranked 247th in 1991-2000 and 278th in 2001-2014. There was no ranking in 1975 and 1976-1990 due to unavailable data.

Kedung Ringin and Lampung do not follow the same trend in the disconnectivity of their aggregate street networks. There was not enough data from the city, while the SNDi of street constructions in Lampung followed a zig-zag trend with an overall decrease.

To date, Kedung Ringin is the 10th-most disconnected out of the 12 cities in Lampung. Its position in the ranks since 1975 has not changed. Kedung Ringin ranked 10th in 1991-2000 and 10th in 2001-2014. There was no ranking in 1975 and 1976-1990 due to unavailable data.

Kedung Ringin and Indonesia do not follow the same trend in the disconnectivity of their aggregate street networks. There was not enough data from the city, while the SNDi of street constructions in Indonesia was at its lowest in 1976-1990.

To date, Kedung Ringin is the 338th-most disconnected out of the 363 cities in Indonesia. Its position in the ranks since 1975 has fallen; relative to other cities in Indonesia, the street network in Kedung Ringin has become more connected. Kedung Ringin ranked 322nd in 1991-2000 and 338th in 2001-2014. There was no ranking in 1975 and 1976-1990 due to unavailable data.

As of 2015, Kedung Ringin had a built-up area of 2.56 square kilometers, and a population of 104331 people.

These are some other cities with approximately the same population: