Street-network Sprawl in Sumenep, Indonesia

What is Street-network sprawl?

Street-network Sprawl is a way to measure urban sprawl, worldwide, through the connectedness of the streets. Less sprawl means more connected, more walkable streets. Well-connected streets – like New York City’s grid – are more walkable and can be served by public transit.

The street network is permanent, and its connectivity affects the livability and environmental footprint of cities for decades and centuries to come. In places with more connected streets, residents drive less and walk more. A well-connected street network is associated with better outcomes for health, the environment, sustainable consumption, social integration, and equity.

We can quantify how connected street networks are with the Street Network Disconnectedness Index (SNDi).

SNDi -- our measure of street-network sprawl (disconnectedness)

The SNDi is a comprehensive measurement of “sprawl”. It captures:

A higher SNDi means less-connected streets – i.e., more sprawl. For the 10137 cities in our dataset, the average SNDi is 2.25, with half of the cities' SNDis falling between 1.08 and 3.25.

More information on the sprawl index can be found in these research papers:

To see the state of street-network sprawl across the globe, visit the sprawlmap.

Sumenep: city in Jawa Timur, Indonesia

What exactly constitutes the spatial extent of the city? For these aggregations, we used the Global Human Settlement Layer Urban Center Database (GHS-UCDB) to define the boundaries of the city. These cities -- or urban centers -- cover areas that are densely populated and built-up, and so may extend beyond the spatial borders of these cities that we may be familiar with. The GHS area is shaded in blue.

View Sumenep, Indonesia on the sprawlmap

Most recent snapshot: Taking into account the entire (i.e. aggregate) street network in Sumenep as of 2014, the overall level of street-network sprawl is 0.99, which is relatively well-connected.

Trends in street network construction: The SNDis of street construction for the respective time periods are 2.51, 0.15, nan and 1.52. Data was not available in 1991-2000.

Quantity of street network construction: The street network in Sumenep spans a total of 134 kilometers. It is dominated by roads constructed in 2001-2014. These roads have an SNDi of 1.52, which is relatively well-connected.

Effect on the aggregate network: New construction in each period adds to the total stock of streets, but does not change streets that have already been built. Therefore, it has a limited effect on the street network as a whole. The SNDis of the aggregate street network in the respective time periods are 2.51, 0.56, 0.61 and 0.99. The SNDi of the aggregate street network in fell at first, but Sumenep has worsened in disconnectivity since 1990.

Sumenep and Jawa Timur do not follow the same trend in the disconnectivity of their street network constructions. There was not enough data from the city, while the SNDi of street constructions in Jawa Timur rose steadily.

How do development practices in Sumenep fare in comparison to others in Jawa Timur? Most recently in 2001-2014, street construction in Sumenep was the 45th-most disconnected out of the 52 cities in Jawa Timur. Its position in the ranks since 1975 has fallen; relative to other cities in Jawa Timur, street construction in Sumenep has become more connected. Sumenep ranked 12th in 1975, 43rd in 1976-1990 and 45th in 2001-2014. There was no ranking in 1991-2000 due to unavailable data.

Sumenep and Indonesia do not follow the same trend in the disconnectivity of their street network constructions. There was not enough data from the city, while the SNDi of street constructions in Indonesia followed a zig-zag trend with an overall increase.

How do development practices in Sumenep fare in comparison to others in Indonesia? Most recently in 2001-2014, street construction in Sumenep was the 263rd-most disconnected out of the 363 cities in Indonesia. Its position in the ranks since 1975 has fallen; relative to other cities in Indonesia, street construction in Sumenep has become more connected. Sumenep ranked 172nd in 1975, 230th in 1976-1990 and 263rd in 2001-2014. There was no ranking in 1991-2000 due to unavailable data.

Sumenep and Jawa Timur do not follow the same trend in the disconnectivity of their aggregate street networks. The SNDi in Sumenep was at its lowest in 1976-1990, while the SNDi of street constructions in Jawa Timur rose steadily.

To date, Sumenep is the 48th-most disconnected out of the 52 cities in Jawa Timur. Its position in the ranks since 1975 has fallen; relative to other cities in Jawa Timur, the street network in Sumenep has become more connected. Sumenep ranked 12th in 1975, 45th in 1976-1990, 47th in 1991-2000 and 48th in 2001-2014.

Sumenep and Indonesia follow the same trend in the disconnectivity of their aggregate street networks. The SNDi for both of these was at its lowest in 1976-1990.

To date, Sumenep is the 333rd-most disconnected out of the 363 cities in Indonesia. Its position in the ranks since 1975 has fallen; relative to other cities in Indonesia, the street network in Sumenep has become more connected. Sumenep ranked 172nd in 1975, 328th in 1976-1990, 336th in 1991-2000 and 333rd in 2001-2014.

As of 2015, Sumenep had a built-up area of 9.6 square kilometers, and a population of 520291 people.

These are some other cities with approximately the same population: