Street-network Sprawl in Negara, Indonesia

What is Street-network sprawl?

Street-network Sprawl is a way to measure urban sprawl, worldwide, through the connectedness of the streets. Less sprawl means more connected, more walkable streets. Well-connected streets – like New York City’s grid – are more walkable and can be served by public transit.

The street network is permanent, and its connectivity affects the livability and environmental footprint of cities for decades and centuries to come. In places with more connected streets, residents drive less and walk more. A well-connected street network is associated with better outcomes for health, the environment, sustainable consumption, social integration, and equity.

We can quantify how connected street networks are with the Street Network Disconnectedness Index (SNDi).

SNDi -- our measure of street-network sprawl (disconnectedness)

The SNDi is a comprehensive measurement of “sprawl”. It captures:

A higher SNDi means less-connected streets – i.e., more sprawl. For the 10137 cities in our dataset, the average SNDi is 2.25, with half of the cities' SNDis falling between 1.08 and 3.25.

More information on the sprawl index can be found in these research papers:

To see the state of street-network sprawl across the globe, visit the sprawlmap.

Negara: city in Bali, Indonesia

What exactly constitutes the spatial extent of the city? For these aggregations, we used the Global Human Settlement Layer Urban Center Database (GHS-UCDB) to define the boundaries of the city. These cities -- or urban centers -- cover areas that are densely populated and built-up, and so may extend beyond the spatial borders of these cities that we may be familiar with. The GHS area is shaded in blue.

View Negara, Indonesia on the sprawlmap

Most recent snapshot: Taking into account the entire (i.e. aggregate) street network in Negara as of 2014, the overall level of street-network sprawl is 0.89, which is relatively well-connected.

Trends in street network construction: The SNDis of street construction for the respective time periods are -0.67, 0.33, 1.74 and 0.51. Street construction in Negara increased in disconnectivity initially but has since improved. The streets constructed in 1991-2000 were the most disconnected.

Quantity of street network construction: The street network in Negara spans a total of 115 kilometers. It is dominated by roads constructed in 1991-2000. These roads have an SNDi of 1.74, which is relatively well-connected.

Effect on the aggregate network: New construction in each period adds to the total stock of streets, but does not change streets that have already been built. Therefore, it has a limited effect on the street network as a whole. The SNDis of the aggregate street network in the respective time periods are -0.67, 0.32, 0.99 and 0.89. The aggregate street network in Negara increased in disconnectivity initially,but the trend has turned around after 2000.

Negara and Bali do not follow the same trend in the disconnectivity of their street network constructions. The SNDi in Negara peaked in 1991-2000, while the SNDi of street constructions in Bali was at its lowest in 1976-1990.

How do development practices in Negara fare in comparison to others in Bali? Most recently in 2001-2014, street construction in Negara was the 7th-most disconnected out of the 7 cities in Bali. Its position in the ranks since 1975 has fallen; relative to other cities in Bali, street construction in Negara has become more connected. Negara ranked 5th in 1975, 6th in 1976-1990, 6th in 1991-2000 and 7th in 2001-2014.

Negara and Indonesia do not follow the same trend in the disconnectivity of their street network constructions. The SNDi in Negara peaked in 1991-2000, while the SNDi of street constructions in Indonesia followed a zig-zag trend with an overall increase.

How do development practices in Negara fare in comparison to others in Indonesia? Most recently in 2001-2014, street construction in Negara was the 272nd-most disconnected out of the 363 cities in Indonesia. Its position in the ranks since 1975 has fallen; relative to other cities in Indonesia, street construction in Negara has become more connected. Negara ranked 262nd in 1975, 227th in 1976-1990, 231st in 1991-2000 and 272nd in 2001-2014.

Negara and Bali do not follow the same trend in the disconnectivity of their aggregate street networks. The SNDi in Negara peaked in 1991-2000, while the SNDi of street constructions in Bali was at its lowest in 1976-1990.

To date, Negara is the 7th-most disconnected out of the 7 cities in Bali. Its position in the ranks since 1975 has fallen; relative to other cities in Bali, the street network in Negara has become more connected. Negara ranked 5th in 1975, 7th in 1976-1990, 7th in 1991-2000 and 7th in 2001-2014.

Negara and Indonesia do not follow the same trend in the disconnectivity of their aggregate street networks. The SNDi in Negara peaked in 1991-2000, while the SNDi of street constructions in Indonesia was at its lowest in 1976-1990.

To date, Negara is the 335th-most disconnected out of the 363 cities in Indonesia. Its position in the ranks since 1975 has fallen; relative to other cities in Indonesia, the street network in Negara has become more connected. Negara ranked 262nd in 1975, 337th in 1976-1990, 321st in 1991-2000 and 335th in 2001-2014.

As of 2015, Negara had a built-up area of 4.37 square kilometers, and a population of 109492 people.

These are some other cities with approximately the same population: