Street-network Sprawl in Bireuen, Indonesia

What is Street-network sprawl?

Street-network Sprawl is a way to measure urban sprawl, worldwide, through the connectedness of the streets. Less sprawl means more connected, more walkable streets. Well-connected streets – like New York City’s grid – are more walkable and can be served by public transit.

The street network is permanent, and its connectivity affects the livability and environmental footprint of cities for decades and centuries to come. In places with more connected streets, residents drive less and walk more. A well-connected street network is associated with better outcomes for health, the environment, sustainable consumption, social integration, and equity.

We can quantify how connected street networks are with the Street Network Disconnectedness Index (SNDi).

SNDi -- our measure of street-network sprawl (disconnectedness)

The SNDi is a comprehensive measurement of “sprawl”. It captures:

A higher SNDi means less-connected streets – i.e., more sprawl. For the 10137 cities in our dataset, the average SNDi is 2.25, with half of the cities' SNDis falling between 1.08 and 3.25.

More information on the sprawl index can be found in these research papers:

To see the state of street-network sprawl across the globe, visit the sprawlmap.

Bireuen: city in Aceh, Indonesia

What exactly constitutes the spatial extent of the city? For these aggregations, we used the Global Human Settlement Layer Urban Center Database (GHS-UCDB) to define the boundaries of the city. These cities -- or urban centers -- cover areas that are densely populated and built-up, and so may extend beyond the spatial borders of these cities that we may be familiar with. The GHS area is shaded in blue.

View Bireuen, Indonesia on the sprawlmap

Most recent snapshot: Taking into account the entire (i.e. aggregate) street network in Bireuen as of 2014, the overall level of street-network sprawl is 1.69, which is relatively well-connected.

Trends in street network construction: The SNDis of street construction for the respective time periods are 0.25, 1.79, nan and nan. Data was not available in 1991-2000 and 2001-2014.

Quantity of street network construction: The street network in Bireuen spans a total of 149 kilometers. It is dominated by roads constructed in 1976-1990. These roads have an SNDi of 1.79, which is relatively well-connected.

Effect on the aggregate network: New construction in each period adds to the total stock of streets, but does not change streets that have already been built. Therefore, it has a limited effect on the street network as a whole. The SNDis of the aggregate street network in the respective time periods are 0.25, 1.69, 1.69 and 1.69. Overall, the SNDi of the aggregate street network has risen: the street network in Bireuen has become more disconnected. This increase has slowed: between 1975 and 1976-1990, SNDi rose by 1.44 points, but between 1991-2000 and 2001-2014, it rose by just 0.0.

Bireuen and Aceh do not follow the same trend in the disconnectivity of their street network constructions. There was not enough data from the city, while the SNDi of street constructions in Aceh followed a zig-zag trend with an overall increase.

How do development practices in Bireuen fare in comparison to others in Aceh? out of the 10 cities in Aceh. Its position in the ranks since 1975 has risen; relative to other cities in Aceh, street construction in Bireuen has become more disconnected. Bireuen ranked 10th in 1975 and 4th in 1976-1990. There was no ranking in 1991-2000 and 2001-2014 due to unavailable data.

Bireuen and Indonesia do not follow the same trend in the disconnectivity of their street network constructions. There was not enough data from the city, while the SNDi of street constructions in Indonesia followed a zig-zag trend with an overall increase.

How do development practices in Bireuen fare in comparison to others in Indonesia? out of the 363 cities in Indonesia. Its position in the ranks since 1975 has risen; relative to other cities in Indonesia, street construction in Bireuen has become more disconnected. Bireuen ranked 249th in 1975 and 188th in 1976-1990. There was no ranking in 1991-2000 and 2001-2014 due to unavailable data.

Bireuen and Aceh do not follow the same trend in the disconnectivity of their aggregate street networks. The SNDi in Bireuen rose steadily, while the SNDi of street constructions in Aceh was at its lowest in 1976-1990.

To date, Bireuen is the 10th-most disconnected out of the 10 cities in Aceh. Its position in the ranks since 1975 has not changed. Bireuen ranked 10th in 1975, 10th in 1976-1990, 10th in 1991-2000 and 10th in 2001-2014.

Bireuen and Indonesia do not follow the same trend in the disconnectivity of their aggregate street networks. The SNDi in Bireuen rose steadily, while the SNDi of street constructions in Indonesia was at its lowest in 1976-1990.

To date, Bireuen is the 306th-most disconnected out of the 363 cities in Indonesia. Its position in the ranks since 1975 has fallen; relative to other cities in Indonesia, the street network in Bireuen has become more connected. Bireuen ranked 249th in 1975, 278th in 1976-1990, 293rd in 1991-2000 and 306th in 2001-2014.

As of 2015, Bireuen had a built-up area of 6.66 square kilometers, and a population of 114142 people.

These are some other cities with approximately the same population: