Street-network Sprawl in Umerkot, India

What is Street-network sprawl?

Street-network Sprawl is a way to measure urban sprawl, worldwide, through the connectedness of the streets. Less sprawl means more connected, more walkable streets. Well-connected streets – like New York City’s grid – are more walkable and can be served by public transit.

The street network is permanent, and its connectivity affects the livability and environmental footprint of cities for decades and centuries to come. In places with more connected streets, residents drive less and walk more. A well-connected street network is associated with better outcomes for health, the environment, sustainable consumption, social integration, and equity.

We can quantify how connected street networks are with the Street Network Disconnectedness Index (SNDi).

SNDi -- our measure of street-network sprawl (disconnectedness)

The SNDi is a comprehensive measurement of “sprawl”. It captures:

A higher SNDi means less-connected streets – i.e., more sprawl. For the 10137 cities in our dataset, the average SNDi is 2.25, with half of the cities' SNDis falling between 1.08 and 3.25.

More information on the sprawl index can be found in these research papers:

To see the state of street-network sprawl across the globe, visit the sprawlmap.

Umerkot: city in Odisha, India

What exactly constitutes the spatial extent of the city? For these aggregations, we used the Global Human Settlement Layer Urban Center Database (GHS-UCDB) to define the boundaries of the city. These cities -- or urban centers -- cover areas that are densely populated and built-up, and so may extend beyond the spatial borders of these cities that we may be familiar with. The GHS area is shaded in blue.

View Umerkot, India on the sprawlmap

Most recent snapshot: Taking into account the entire (i.e. aggregate) street network in Umerkot as of 2014, the overall level of street-network sprawl is 4.93, which is highly disconnected.

Trends in street network construction: The SNDis of street construction for the respective time periods are nan, -0.02, -0.38 and 5.41. Data was not available in 1975.

Quantity of street network construction: The street network in Umerkot spans a total of 58 kilometers. It is dominated by roads constructed prior to 1975. These roads have an SNDi of nan, which is highly disconnected.

Effect on the aggregate network: New construction in each period adds to the total stock of streets, but does not change streets that have already been built. Therefore, it has a limited effect on the street network as a whole. The SNDis of the aggregate street network in the respective time periods are nan, -0.02, -0.34 and 4.93. Data was not available in 1975.

Umerkot and Odisha do not follow the same trend in the disconnectivity of their street network constructions. There was not enough data from the city, while the SNDi of street constructions in Odisha rose steadily.

How do development practices in Umerkot fare in comparison to others in Odisha? Most recently in 2001-2014, street construction in Umerkot was the 9th-most disconnected out of the 57 cities in Odisha. Its position in the ranks since 1975 has risen; relative to other cities in Odisha, street construction in Umerkot has become more disconnected. Umerkot ranked 39th in 1976-1990, 35th in 1991-2000 and 9th in 2001-2014. There was no ranking in 1975 due to unavailable data.

Umerkot and India do not follow the same trend in the disconnectivity of their street network constructions. There was not enough data from the city, while the SNDi of street constructions in India rose steadily.

How do development practices in Umerkot fare in comparison to others in India? Most recently in 2001-2014, street construction in Umerkot was the 182nd-most disconnected out of the 1716 cities in India. Its position in the ranks since 1975 has risen; relative to other cities in India, street construction in Umerkot has become more disconnected. Umerkot ranked 1135th in 1976-1990, 987th in 1991-2000 and 182nd in 2001-2014. There was no ranking in 1975 due to unavailable data.

Umerkot and Odisha do not follow the same trend in the disconnectivity of their aggregate street networks. There was not enough data from the city, while the SNDi of street constructions in Odisha rose steadily.

To date, Umerkot is the 8th-most disconnected out of the 57 cities in Odisha. Its position in the ranks since 1975 has risen; relative to other cities in Odisha, the street network in Umerkot has become more disconnected. Umerkot ranked 44th in 1976-1990, 50th in 1991-2000 and 8th in 2001-2014. There was no ranking in 1975 due to unavailable data.

Umerkot and India do not follow the same trend in the disconnectivity of their aggregate street networks. There was not enough data from the city, while the SNDi of street constructions in India rose steadily.

To date, Umerkot is the 131st-most disconnected out of the 1716 cities in India. Its position in the ranks since 1975 has risen; relative to other cities in India, the street network in Umerkot has become more disconnected. Umerkot ranked 1290th in 1976-1990, 1441st in 1991-2000 and 131st in 2001-2014. There was no ranking in 1975 due to unavailable data.

As of 2015, Umerkot had a built-up area of 0.49 square kilometers, and a population of 168488 people.

These are some other cities with approximately the same population: