Street-network Sprawl in Baripada, India

What is Street-network sprawl?

Street-network Sprawl is a way to measure urban sprawl, worldwide, through the connectedness of the streets. Less sprawl means more connected, more walkable streets. Well-connected streets – like New York City’s grid – are more walkable and can be served by public transit.

The street network is permanent, and its connectivity affects the livability and environmental footprint of cities for decades and centuries to come. In places with more connected streets, residents drive less and walk more. A well-connected street network is associated with better outcomes for health, the environment, sustainable consumption, social integration, and equity.

We can quantify how connected street networks are with the Street Network Disconnectedness Index (SNDi).

SNDi -- our measure of street-network sprawl (disconnectedness)

The SNDi is a comprehensive measurement of “sprawl”. It captures:

A higher SNDi means less-connected streets – i.e., more sprawl. For the 10137 cities in our dataset, the average SNDi is 2.25, with half of the cities' SNDis falling between 1.08 and 3.25.

More information on the sprawl index can be found in these research papers:

To see the state of street-network sprawl across the globe, visit the sprawlmap.

Baripada: city in Odisha, India

What exactly constitutes the spatial extent of the city? For these aggregations, we used the Global Human Settlement Layer Urban Center Database (GHS-UCDB) to define the boundaries of the city. These cities -- or urban centers -- cover areas that are densely populated and built-up, and so may extend beyond the spatial borders of these cities that we may be familiar with. The GHS area is shaded in blue.

View Baripada, India on the sprawlmap

Most recent snapshot: Taking into account the entire (i.e. aggregate) street network in Baripada as of 2014, the overall level of street-network sprawl is 3.14, which is in the 40th to 60th percentile of disconnectedness.

Trends in street network construction: The SNDis of street construction for the respective time periods are nan, 1.54, nan and 3.19. Data was not available in 1975 and 1991-2000.

Quantity of street network construction: The street network in Baripada spans a total of 112 kilometers. It is dominated by roads constructed prior to 1975. These roads have an SNDi of nan, which is highly disconnected.

Effect on the aggregate network: New construction in each period adds to the total stock of streets, but does not change streets that have already been built. Therefore, it has a limited effect on the street network as a whole. The SNDis of the aggregate street network in the respective time periods are nan, 1.54, 1.54 and 3.14. Data was not available in 1975.

Baripada and Odisha do not follow the same trend in the disconnectivity of their street network constructions. There was not enough data from the city, while the SNDi of street constructions in Odisha rose steadily.

How do development practices in Baripada fare in comparison to others in Odisha? Most recently in 2001-2014, street construction in Baripada was the 20th-most disconnected out of the 57 cities in Odisha. Baripada ranked 31st in 1976-1990 and 20th in 2001-2014. There was no ranking in 1975 and 1991-2000 due to unavailable data.

Baripada and India do not follow the same trend in the disconnectivity of their street network constructions. There was not enough data from the city, while the SNDi of street constructions in India rose steadily.

How do development practices in Baripada fare in comparison to others in India? Most recently in 2001-2014, street construction in Baripada was the 632nd-most disconnected out of the 1716 cities in India. Baripada ranked 843rd in 1976-1990 and 632nd in 2001-2014. There was no ranking in 1975 and 1991-2000 due to unavailable data.

Baripada and Odisha do not follow the same trend in the disconnectivity of their aggregate street networks. There was not enough data from the city, while the SNDi of street constructions in Odisha rose steadily.

To date, Baripada is the 24th-most disconnected out of the 57 cities in Odisha. Its position in the ranks since 1975 has risen; relative to other cities in Odisha, the street network in Baripada has become more disconnected. Baripada ranked 34th in 1976-1990, 36th in 1991-2000 and 24th in 2001-2014. There was no ranking in 1975 due to unavailable data.

Baripada and India do not follow the same trend in the disconnectivity of their aggregate street networks. There was not enough data from the city, while the SNDi of street constructions in India rose steadily.

To date, Baripada is the 593rd-most disconnected out of the 1716 cities in India. Its position in the ranks since 1975 has risen; relative to other cities in India, the street network in Baripada has become more disconnected. Baripada ranked 911th in 1976-1990, 1025th in 1991-2000 and 593rd in 2001-2014. There was no ranking in 1975 due to unavailable data.

As of 2015, Baripada had a built-up area of 6.92 square kilometers, and a population of 182749 people.

These are some other cities with approximately the same population: