Street-network Sprawl in Katihar, India

What is Street-network sprawl?

Street-network Sprawl is a way to measure urban sprawl, worldwide, through the connectedness of the streets. Less sprawl means more connected, more walkable streets. Well-connected streets – like New York City’s grid – are more walkable and can be served by public transit.

The street network is permanent, and its connectivity affects the livability and environmental footprint of cities for decades and centuries to come. In places with more connected streets, residents drive less and walk more. A well-connected street network is associated with better outcomes for health, the environment, sustainable consumption, social integration, and equity.

We can quantify how connected street networks are with the Street Network Disconnectedness Index (SNDi).

SNDi -- our measure of street-network sprawl (disconnectedness)

The SNDi is a comprehensive measurement of “sprawl”. It captures:

A higher SNDi means less-connected streets – i.e., more sprawl. For the 10137 cities in our dataset, the average SNDi is 2.25, with half of the cities' SNDis falling between 1.08 and 3.25.

More information on the sprawl index can be found in these research papers:

To see the state of street-network sprawl across the globe, visit the sprawlmap.

Katihar: city in Bihar, India

What exactly constitutes the spatial extent of the city? For these aggregations, we used the Global Human Settlement Layer Urban Center Database (GHS-UCDB) to define the boundaries of the city. These cities -- or urban centers -- cover areas that are densely populated and built-up, and so may extend beyond the spatial borders of these cities that we may be familiar with. The GHS area is shaded in blue.

View Katihar, India on the sprawlmap

Most recent snapshot: Taking into account the entire (i.e. aggregate) street network in Katihar as of 2014, the overall level of street-network sprawl is 3.09, which is in the 40th to 60th percentile of disconnectedness.

Trends in street network construction: The SNDis of street construction for the respective time periods are nan, 2.92, 3.0 and 3.36. Data was not available in 1975.

Quantity of street network construction: The street network in Katihar spans a total of 119 kilometers. It is dominated by roads constructed prior to 1975. These roads have an SNDi of nan, which is highly disconnected.

Effect on the aggregate network: New construction in each period adds to the total stock of streets, but does not change streets that have already been built. Therefore, it has a limited effect on the street network as a whole. The SNDis of the aggregate street network in the respective time periods are nan, 2.92, 2.91 and 3.09. Data was not available in 1975.

Katihar and Bihar do not follow the same trend in the disconnectivity of their street network constructions. There was not enough data from the city, while the SNDi of street constructions in Bihar followed a zig-zag trend with an overall increase.

How do development practices in Katihar fare in comparison to others in Bihar? Most recently in 2001-2014, street construction in Katihar was the 28th-most disconnected out of the 120 cities in Bihar. Its position in the ranks since 1975 has risen; relative to other cities in Bihar, street construction in Katihar has become more disconnected. Katihar ranked 40th in 1976-1990, 20th in 1991-2000 and 28th in 2001-2014. There was no ranking in 1975 due to unavailable data.

Katihar and India do not follow the same trend in the disconnectivity of their street network constructions. There was not enough data from the city, while the SNDi of street constructions in India rose steadily.

How do development practices in Katihar fare in comparison to others in India? Most recently in 2001-2014, street construction in Katihar was the 598th-most disconnected out of the 1716 cities in India. Its position in the ranks since 1975 has fallen; relative to other cities in India, street construction in Katihar has become more connected. Katihar ranked 473rd in 1976-1990, 540th in 1991-2000 and 598th in 2001-2014. There was no ranking in 1975 due to unavailable data.

Katihar and Bihar do not follow the same trend in the disconnectivity of their aggregate street networks. There was not enough data from the city, while the SNDi of street constructions in Bihar rose steadily.

To date, Katihar is the 45th-most disconnected out of the 120 cities in Bihar. Its position in the ranks since 1975 has fallen; relative to other cities in Bihar, the street network in Katihar has become more connected. Katihar ranked 40th in 1976-1990, 44th in 1991-2000 and 45th in 2001-2014. There was no ranking in 1975 due to unavailable data.

Katihar and India do not follow the same trend in the disconnectivity of their aggregate street networks. There was not enough data from the city, while the SNDi of street constructions in India rose steadily.

To date, Katihar is the 612th-most disconnected out of the 1716 cities in India. Its position in the ranks since 1975 has fallen; relative to other cities in India, the street network in Katihar has become more connected. Katihar ranked 477th in 1976-1990, 577th in 1991-2000 and 612th in 2001-2014. There was no ranking in 1975 due to unavailable data.

As of 2015, Katihar had a built-up area of 3.78 square kilometers, and a population of 568762 people.

These are some other cities with approximately the same population: