Street-network Sprawl in Kalyanpur, India

What is Street-network sprawl?

Street-network Sprawl is a way to measure urban sprawl, worldwide, through the connectedness of the streets. Less sprawl means more connected, more walkable streets. Well-connected streets – like New York City’s grid – are more walkable and can be served by public transit.

The street network is permanent, and its connectivity affects the livability and environmental footprint of cities for decades and centuries to come. In places with more connected streets, residents drive less and walk more. A well-connected street network is associated with better outcomes for health, the environment, sustainable consumption, social integration, and equity.

We can quantify how connected street networks are with the Street Network Disconnectedness Index (SNDi).

SNDi -- our measure of street-network sprawl (disconnectedness)

The SNDi is a comprehensive measurement of “sprawl”. It captures:

A higher SNDi means less-connected streets – i.e., more sprawl. For the 10137 cities in our dataset, the average SNDi is 2.25, with half of the cities' SNDis falling between 1.08 and 3.25.

More information on the sprawl index can be found in these research papers:

To see the state of street-network sprawl across the globe, visit the sprawlmap.

Kalyanpur: city in Bihar, India

What exactly constitutes the spatial extent of the city? For these aggregations, we used the Global Human Settlement Layer Urban Center Database (GHS-UCDB) to define the boundaries of the city. These cities -- or urban centers -- cover areas that are densely populated and built-up, and so may extend beyond the spatial borders of these cities that we may be familiar with. The GHS area is shaded in blue.

View Kalyanpur, India on the sprawlmap

Most recent snapshot: Taking into account the entire (i.e. aggregate) street network in Kalyanpur as of 2014, the overall level of street-network sprawl is 0.17, which is very well-connected.

Trends in street network construction: The SNDis of street construction for the respective time periods are nan, 0.82, nan and -0.67. Data was not available in 1975 and 1991-2000.

Quantity of street network construction: The street network in Kalyanpur spans a total of 21 kilometers. It is dominated by roads constructed in 1991-2000. These roads have an SNDi of nan, which is highly disconnected.

Effect on the aggregate network: New construction in each period adds to the total stock of streets, but does not change streets that have already been built. Therefore, it has a limited effect on the street network as a whole. The SNDis of the aggregate street network in the respective time periods are nan, 0.78, 0.7 and 0.17. Data was not available in 1975.

Kalyanpur and Bihar do not follow the same trend in the disconnectivity of their street network constructions. There was not enough data from the city, while the SNDi of street constructions in Bihar followed a zig-zag trend with an overall increase.

How do development practices in Kalyanpur fare in comparison to others in Bihar? Most recently in 2001-2014, street construction in Kalyanpur was the 64th-most disconnected out of the 120 cities in Bihar. Kalyanpur ranked 68th in 1976-1990 and 64th in 2001-2014. There was no ranking in 1975 and 1991-2000 due to unavailable data.

Kalyanpur and India do not follow the same trend in the disconnectivity of their street network constructions. There was not enough data from the city, while the SNDi of street constructions in India rose steadily.

How do development practices in Kalyanpur fare in comparison to others in India? Most recently in 2001-2014, street construction in Kalyanpur was the 1210th-most disconnected out of the 1716 cities in India. Kalyanpur ranked 991st in 1976-1990 and 1210th in 2001-2014. There was no ranking in 1975 and 1991-2000 due to unavailable data.

Kalyanpur and Bihar do not follow the same trend in the disconnectivity of their aggregate street networks. There was not enough data from the city, while the SNDi of street constructions in Bihar rose steadily.

To date, Kalyanpur is the 96th-most disconnected out of the 120 cities in Bihar. Its position in the ranks since 1975 has fallen; relative to other cities in Bihar, the street network in Kalyanpur has become more connected. Kalyanpur ranked 70th in 1976-1990, 74th in 1991-2000 and 96th in 2001-2014. There was no ranking in 1975 due to unavailable data.

Kalyanpur and India do not follow the same trend in the disconnectivity of their aggregate street networks. There was not enough data from the city, while the SNDi of street constructions in India rose steadily.

To date, Kalyanpur is the 1484th-most disconnected out of the 1716 cities in India. Its position in the ranks since 1975 has fallen; relative to other cities in India, the street network in Kalyanpur has become more connected. Kalyanpur ranked 1122nd in 1976-1990, 1261st in 1991-2000 and 1484th in 2001-2014. There was no ranking in 1975 due to unavailable data.

As of 2015, Kalyanpur had a built-up area of 0.05 square kilometers, and a population of 120551 people.

These are some other cities with approximately the same population: