Street-network Sprawl in San Marcos, Guatemala

What is Street-network sprawl?

Street-network Sprawl is a way to measure urban sprawl, worldwide, through the connectedness of the streets. Less sprawl means more connected, more walkable streets. Well-connected streets – like New York City’s grid – are more walkable and can be served by public transit.

The street network is permanent, and its connectivity affects the livability and environmental footprint of cities for decades and centuries to come. In places with more connected streets, residents drive less and walk more. A well-connected street network is associated with better outcomes for health, the environment, sustainable consumption, social integration, and equity.

We can quantify how connected street networks are with the Street Network Disconnectedness Index (SNDi).

SNDi -- our measure of street-network sprawl (disconnectedness)

The SNDi is a comprehensive measurement of “sprawl”. It captures:

A higher SNDi means less-connected streets – i.e., more sprawl. For the 10137 cities in our dataset, the average SNDi is 2.25, with half of the cities' SNDis falling between 1.08 and 3.25.

More information on the sprawl index can be found in these research papers:

To see the state of street-network sprawl across the globe, visit the sprawlmap.

San Marcos: region in Guatemala

What exactly constitutes the spatial extent of the city? For these aggregations, we used the Global Human Settlement Layer Urban Center Database (GHS-UCDB) to define the boundaries of the city. These cities -- or urban centers -- cover areas that are densely populated and built-up, and so may extend beyond the spatial borders of these cities that we may be familiar with. The GHS area is shaded in blue.

View San Marcos, Guatemala on the sprawlmap

Most recent snapshot: Taking into account the entire (i.e. aggregate) street network in San Marcos as of 2014, the overall level of street-network sprawl is 3.23, which is in the 40th to 60th percentile of disconnectedness.

Trends in street network construction: The SNDis of street construction for the respective time periods are 2.96, 2.53, 5.75 and 4.34. Disconnectivity in street construction in San Marcos follows a zig-zag trend. In 1976-1990, street construction was most disconnected, while construction was most connected in 1991-2000.

Quantity of street network construction: The street network in San Marcos spans a total of 2931 kilometers. The period with the greatest volume of street construction was 1976-1990. These roads have an SNDi of 2.53, which is in the 40th to 60th percentile of disconnectedness.

Effect on the aggregate network: New construction in each period adds to the total stock of streets, but does not change streets that have already been built. Therefore, it has a limited effect on the street network as a whole. The SNDis of the aggregate street network in the respective time periods are 2.96, 2.75, 3.03 and 3.23. The SNDi of the aggregate street network in fell at first, but San Marcos has worsened in disconnectivity since 1990.

The level of street-network sprawl in new development in San Marcos followed a zig-zag trend with an overall increase. To get a sense of how street development has changed in San Marcos, we can consider two of its most populous cities: San Pedro Sacatepéquez [San Marcos] and Malacatán. None of the most populous cities follow the same trend as the region. The level of street-network sprawl in new development in San Pedro Sacatepéquez [San Marcos] followed a zig-zag trend. The level of street-network sprawl in new development in Malacatán followed a zig-zag trend.

How do development practices in San Marcos fare in comparison to others in Guatemala? Most recently in 2001-2014, street construction in San Marcos was the 16th-most disconnected out of the 19 regions in Guatemala. Its position in the ranks since 1975 has fallen; relative to other regions in Guatemala, street construction in San Marcos has become more connected. San Marcos ranked 9th in 1975, 15th in 1976-1990, 10th in 1991-2000 and 16th in 2001-2014.

As of 2014, the city with the most disconnected street network in San Marcos is Malacatán with an SNDi of 3.24, which is in the 40th to 60th percentile of disconnectedness. Conversely, the most connected city is San Pedro Sacatepéquez [San Marcos] with an SNDi of 1.14, which is relatively well-connected. See trends for these cities: San Pedro Sacatepéquez [San Marcos], Malacatán

The level of street-network sprawl in the aggregate network in San Marcos was at its lowest in 1976-1990. To get a sense of how the aggregate street network has changed in San Marcos, we can consider two of its most populous cities: San Pedro Sacatepéquez [San Marcos] and Malacatán. Out of the two cities, Malacatán does not follow the same trend as the region. The level of street-network sprawl in the aggregate network in Malacatán followed a zig-zag trend.

To date, San Marcos is the 14th-most disconnected out of the 19 regions in Guatemala. Its position in the ranks since 1975 has fallen; relative to other regions in Guatemala, the street network in San Marcos has become more connected. San Marcos ranked 9th in 1975, 13th in 1976-1990, 13th in 1991-2000 and 14th in 2001-2014.