Street-network Sprawl in Göttingen, Germany

What is Street-network sprawl?

Street-network Sprawl is a way to measure urban sprawl, worldwide, through the connectedness of the streets. Less sprawl means more connected, more walkable streets. Well-connected streets – like New York City’s grid – are more walkable and can be served by public transit.

The street network is permanent, and its connectivity affects the livability and environmental footprint of cities for decades and centuries to come. In places with more connected streets, residents drive less and walk more. A well-connected street network is associated with better outcomes for health, the environment, sustainable consumption, social integration, and equity.

We can quantify how connected street networks are with the Street Network Disconnectedness Index (SNDi).

SNDi -- our measure of street-network sprawl (disconnectedness)

The SNDi is a comprehensive measurement of “sprawl”. It captures:

A higher SNDi means less-connected streets – i.e., more sprawl. For the 10137 cities in our dataset, the average SNDi is 2.25, with half of the cities' SNDis falling between 1.08 and 3.25.

More information on the sprawl index can be found in these research papers:

To see the state of street-network sprawl across the globe, visit the sprawlmap.

Göttingen: city in Niedersachsen, Germany

What exactly constitutes the spatial extent of the city? For these aggregations, we used the Global Human Settlement Layer Urban Center Database (GHS-UCDB) to define the boundaries of the city. These cities -- or urban centers -- cover areas that are densely populated and built-up, and so may extend beyond the spatial borders of these cities that we may be familiar with. The GHS area is shaded in blue.

View Göttingen, Germany on the sprawlmap

Most recent snapshot: Taking into account the entire (i.e. aggregate) street network in Göttingen as of 2014, the overall level of street-network sprawl is 1.05, which is relatively well-connected.

Trends in street network construction: The SNDis of street construction for the respective time periods are 0.98, 1.53, 1.0 and 2.82. Disconnectivity in street construction in Göttingen follows a zig-zag trend. In 1975, street construction was most disconnected, while construction was most connected in 2001-2014.

Quantity of street network construction: The street network in Göttingen spans a total of 337 kilometers. It is dominated by roads constructed prior to 1975. These roads have an SNDi of 0.98, which is relatively well-connected.

Effect on the aggregate network: New construction in each period adds to the total stock of streets, but does not change streets that have already been built. Therefore, it has a limited effect on the street network as a whole. The SNDis of the aggregate street network in the respective time periods are 0.98, 1.03, 1.03 and 1.05. Disconnectivity in Göttingen's street network follows a zig-zag trend. In 1975, the city was most disconnected; while it was most connected in 2001-2014.

Göttingen and Niedersachsen do not follow the same trend in the disconnectivity of their street network constructions. The SNDi in Göttingen followed a zig-zag trend with an overall increase, while the SNDi of street constructions in Niedersachsen rose steadily.

How do development practices in Göttingen fare in comparison to others in Niedersachsen? Most recently in 2001-2014, street construction in Göttingen was the 5th-most disconnected out of the 9 cities in Niedersachsen. Its position in the ranks since 1975 has risen; relative to other cities in Niedersachsen, street construction in Göttingen has become more disconnected. Göttingen ranked 7th in 1975, 9th in 1976-1990, 9th in 1991-2000 and 5th in 2001-2014.

Göttingen and Germany do not follow the same trend in the disconnectivity of their street network constructions. The SNDi in Göttingen followed a zig-zag trend with an overall increase, while the SNDi of street constructions in Germany peaked in 1991-2000.

How do development practices in Göttingen fare in comparison to others in Germany? Most recently in 2001-2014, street construction in Göttingen was the 32nd-most disconnected out of the 87 cities in Germany. Its position in the ranks since 1975 has risen; relative to other cities in Germany, street construction in Göttingen has become more disconnected. Göttingen ranked 53rd in 1975, 70th in 1976-1990, 75th in 1991-2000 and 32nd in 2001-2014.

Göttingen and Niedersachsen do not follow the same trend in the disconnectivity of their aggregate street networks. The SNDi in Göttingen followed a zig-zag trend with an overall increase, while the SNDi of street constructions in Niedersachsen rose steadily.

To date, Göttingen is the 7th-most disconnected out of the 9 cities in Niedersachsen. Its position in the ranks since 1975 has not changed. Göttingen ranked 7th in 1975, 7th in 1976-1990, 7th in 1991-2000 and 7th in 2001-2014.

Göttingen and Germany do not follow the same trend in the disconnectivity of their aggregate street networks. The SNDi in Göttingen followed a zig-zag trend with an overall increase, while the SNDi of street constructions in Germany rose steadily.

To date, Göttingen is the 57th-most disconnected out of the 87 cities in Germany. Its position in the ranks since 1975 has fallen; relative to other cities in Germany, the street network in Göttingen has become more connected. Göttingen ranked 53rd in 1975, 56th in 1976-1990, 57th in 1991-2000 and 57th in 2001-2014.

As of 2015, Göttingen had a built-up area of 19.82 square kilometers, and a population of 91376 people.

These are some other cities with approximately the same population: