Street-network Sprawl in Benshangul-Gumaz, Ethiopia

What is Street-network sprawl?

Street-network Sprawl is a way to measure urban sprawl, worldwide, through the connectedness of the streets. Less sprawl means more connected, more walkable streets. Well-connected streets – like New York City’s grid – are more walkable and can be served by public transit.

The street network is permanent, and its connectivity affects the livability and environmental footprint of cities for decades and centuries to come. In places with more connected streets, residents drive less and walk more. A well-connected street network is associated with better outcomes for health, the environment, sustainable consumption, social integration, and equity.

We can quantify how connected street networks are with the Street Network Disconnectedness Index (SNDi).

SNDi -- our measure of street-network sprawl (disconnectedness)

The SNDi is a comprehensive measurement of “sprawl”. It captures:

A higher SNDi means less-connected streets – i.e., more sprawl. For the 10137 cities in our dataset, the average SNDi is 2.25, with half of the cities' SNDis falling between 1.08 and 3.25.

More information on the sprawl index can be found in these research papers:

To see the state of street-network sprawl across the globe, visit the sprawlmap.

Benshangul-Gumaz: region in Ethiopia

What exactly constitutes the spatial extent of the city? For these aggregations, we used the Global Human Settlement Layer Urban Center Database (GHS-UCDB) to define the boundaries of the city. These cities -- or urban centers -- cover areas that are densely populated and built-up, and so may extend beyond the spatial borders of these cities that we may be familiar with. The GHS area is shaded in blue.

View Benshangul-Gumaz, Ethiopia on the sprawlmap

Most recent snapshot: Taking into account the entire (i.e. aggregate) street network in Benshangul-Gumaz as of 2014, the overall level of street-network sprawl is 2.91, which is in the 40th to 60th percentile of disconnectedness.

Trends in street network construction: The SNDis of street construction for the respective time periods are nan, -0.44, 0.76 and 3.38. Data was not available in 1975.

Quantity of street network construction: The street network in Benshangul-Gumaz spans a total of 1173 kilometers. It is dominated by roads constructed prior to 1975. These roads have an SNDi of nan, which is highly disconnected.

Effect on the aggregate network: New construction in each period adds to the total stock of streets, but does not change streets that have already been built. Therefore, it has a limited effect on the street network as a whole. The SNDis of the aggregate street network in the respective time periods are nan, -0.44, 0.48 and 2.91. Data was not available in 1975.

The level of street-network sprawl in new development in Benshangul-Gumaz followed a zig-zag trend. To get a sense of how street development has changed in Benshangul-Gumaz, we can consider two of its most populous cities: Asosa and Bambasi. None of the most populous cities follow the same trend as the region. The level of street-network sprawl in new development in Asosa followed a zig-zag trend. The level of street-network sprawl in new development in Bambasi followed a zig-zag trend.

How do development practices in Benshangul-Gumaz fare in comparison to others in Ethiopia? Most recently in 2001-2014, street construction in Benshangul-Gumaz was the 5th-most disconnected out of the 11 regions in Ethiopia. Its position in the ranks since 1975 has risen; relative to other regions in Ethiopia, street construction in Benshangul-Gumaz has become more disconnected. Benshangul-Gumaz ranked 11th in 1976-1990, 10th in 1991-2000 and 5th in 2001-2014. There was no ranking in 1975 due to unavailable data.

As of 2014, the city with the most disconnected street network in Benshangul-Gumaz is Bambasi with an SNDi of 2.17, which is relatively well-connected. Conversely, the most connected city is Asosa with an SNDi of 0.18, which is very well-connected. See trends for these cities: Asosa, Bambasi

The level of street-network sprawl in the aggregate network in Benshangul-Gumaz followed a zig-zag trend. To get a sense of how the aggregate street network has changed in Benshangul-Gumaz, we can consider two of its most populous cities: Asosa and Bambasi. None of the most populous cities follow the same trend as the region. The level of street-network sprawl in the aggregate network in Asosa followed a zig-zag trend. The level of street-network sprawl in the aggregate network in Bambasi followed a zig-zag trend.

To date, Benshangul-Gumaz is the 7th-most disconnected out of the 11 regions in Ethiopia. Its position in the ranks since 1975 has risen; relative to other regions in Ethiopia, the street network in Benshangul-Gumaz has become more disconnected. Benshangul-Gumaz ranked 11th in 1976-1990, 11th in 1991-2000 and 7th in 2001-2014. There was no ranking in 1975 due to unavailable data.