Street-network Sprawl in Al Isma`iliyah, Egypt

What is Street-network sprawl?

Street-network Sprawl is a way to measure urban sprawl, worldwide, through the connectedness of the streets. Less sprawl means more connected, more walkable streets. Well-connected streets – like New York City’s grid – are more walkable and can be served by public transit.

The street network is permanent, and its connectivity affects the livability and environmental footprint of cities for decades and centuries to come. In places with more connected streets, residents drive less and walk more. A well-connected street network is associated with better outcomes for health, the environment, sustainable consumption, social integration, and equity.

We can quantify how connected street networks are with the Street Network Disconnectedness Index (SNDi).

SNDi -- our measure of street-network sprawl (disconnectedness)

The SNDi is a comprehensive measurement of “sprawl”. It captures:

A higher SNDi means less-connected streets – i.e., more sprawl. For the 10137 cities in our dataset, the average SNDi is 2.25, with half of the cities' SNDis falling between 1.08 and 3.25.

More information on the sprawl index can be found in these research papers:

To see the state of street-network sprawl across the globe, visit the sprawlmap.

Al Isma`iliyah: region in Egypt

What exactly constitutes the spatial extent of the city? For these aggregations, we used the Global Human Settlement Layer Urban Center Database (GHS-UCDB) to define the boundaries of the city. These cities -- or urban centers -- cover areas that are densely populated and built-up, and so may extend beyond the spatial borders of these cities that we may be familiar with. The GHS area is shaded in blue.

View Al Isma`iliyah, Egypt on the sprawlmap

Most recent snapshot: Taking into account the entire (i.e. aggregate) street network in Al Isma`iliyah as of 2014, the overall level of street-network sprawl is 3.04, which is in the 40th to 60th percentile of disconnectedness.

Trends in street network construction: The SNDis of street construction for the respective time periods are 2.4, 7.82, 3.97 and 4.53. Disconnectivity in street construction in Al Isma`iliyah follows a zig-zag trend. In 1975, street construction was most disconnected, while construction was most connected in 1976-1990.

Quantity of street network construction: The street network in Al Isma`iliyah spans a total of 2738 kilometers. It is dominated by roads constructed prior to 1975. These roads have an SNDi of 2.4, which is in the 40th to 60th percentile of disconnectedness.

Effect on the aggregate network: New construction in each period adds to the total stock of streets, but does not change streets that have already been built. Therefore, it has a limited effect on the street network as a whole. The SNDis of the aggregate street network in the respective time periods are 2.4, 2.73, 2.92 and 3.04. Overall, the SNDi of the aggregate street network has risen: the street network in Al Isma`iliyah has become more disconnected. This increase has slowed: between 1975 and 1976-1990, SNDi rose by 0.33 points, but between 1991-2000 and 2001-2014, it rose by just 0.12.

The level of street-network sprawl in new development in Al Isma`iliyah followed a zig-zag trend with an overall increase. To get a sense of how street development has changed in Al Isma`iliyah, we can consider three of its most populous cities: Al Ismailiya, Fayed and Al Gharabwa. None of the most populous cities follow the same trend as the region. The level of street-network sprawl in new development in Al Ismailiya followed a zig-zag trend with an overall increase. The level of street-network sprawl in new development in Fayed followed a zig-zag trend. The level of street-network sprawl in new development in Al Gharabwa followed a zig-zag trend.

How do development practices in Al Isma`iliyah fare in comparison to others in Egypt? Most recently in 2001-2014, street construction in Al Isma`iliyah was the 10th-most disconnected out of the 25 regions in Egypt. Its position in the ranks since 1975 has risen; relative to other regions in Egypt, street construction in Al Isma`iliyah has become more disconnected. Al Isma`iliyah ranked 18th in 1975, 1st in 1976-1990, 17th in 1991-2000 and 10th in 2001-2014.

As of 2014, the city with the most disconnected street network in Al Isma`iliyah is Fayed with an SNDi of 2.17, which is relatively well-connected. Conversely, the most connected city is Al Gharabwa with an SNDi of -1.51, which is very well-connected. See trends for these cities: Al Gharabwa, Fayed

The level of street-network sprawl in the aggregate network in Al Isma`iliyah rose steadily. To get a sense of how the aggregate street network has changed in Al Isma`iliyah, we can consider three of its most populous cities: Al Ismailiya, Fayed and Al Gharabwa. None of the most populous cities follow the same trend as the region. The level of street-network sprawl in the aggregate network in Al Ismailiya rose steadily. The level of street-network sprawl in the aggregate network in Fayed followed a zig-zag trend with an overall decrease. The level of street-network sprawl in the aggregate network in Al Gharabwa followed a zig-zag trend.

To date, Al Isma`iliyah is the 19th-most disconnected out of the 25 regions in Egypt. Its position in the ranks since 1975 has fallen; relative to other regions in Egypt, the street network in Al Isma`iliyah has become more connected. Al Isma`iliyah ranked 18th in 1975, 18th in 1976-1990, 18th in 1991-2000 and 19th in 2001-2014.