Street-network Sprawl in Guantanamo, Cuba

What is Street-network sprawl?

Street-network Sprawl is a way to measure urban sprawl, worldwide, through the connectedness of the streets. Less sprawl means more connected, more walkable streets. Well-connected streets – like New York City’s grid – are more walkable and can be served by public transit.

The street network is permanent, and its connectivity affects the livability and environmental footprint of cities for decades and centuries to come. In places with more connected streets, residents drive less and walk more. A well-connected street network is associated with better outcomes for health, the environment, sustainable consumption, social integration, and equity.

We can quantify how connected street networks are with the Street Network Disconnectedness Index (SNDi).

SNDi -- our measure of street-network sprawl (disconnectedness)

The SNDi is a comprehensive measurement of “sprawl”. It captures:

A higher SNDi means less-connected streets – i.e., more sprawl. For the 10137 cities in our dataset, the average SNDi is 2.25, with half of the cities' SNDis falling between 1.08 and 3.25.

More information on the sprawl index can be found in these research papers:

To see the state of street-network sprawl across the globe, visit the sprawlmap.

Guantanamo: city in Guantánamo, Cuba

What exactly constitutes the spatial extent of the city? For these aggregations, we used the Global Human Settlement Layer Urban Center Database (GHS-UCDB) to define the boundaries of the city. These cities -- or urban centers -- cover areas that are densely populated and built-up, and so may extend beyond the spatial borders of these cities that we may be familiar with. The GHS area is shaded in blue.

View Guantanamo, Cuba on the sprawlmap

Most recent snapshot: Taking into account the entire (i.e. aggregate) street network in Guantanamo as of 2014, the overall level of street-network sprawl is 0.98, which is relatively well-connected.

Trends in street network construction: The SNDis of street construction for the respective time periods are 0.64, 3.08, 2.08 and 0.77. Street construction in Guantanamo increased in disconnectivity initially but has since improved. The streets constructed in 1976-1990 were the most disconnected.

Quantity of street network construction: The street network in Guantanamo spans a total of 286 kilometers. It is dominated by roads constructed prior to 1975. These roads have an SNDi of 0.64, which is relatively well-connected.

Effect on the aggregate network: New construction in each period adds to the total stock of streets, but does not change streets that have already been built. Therefore, it has a limited effect on the street network as a whole. The SNDis of the aggregate street network in the respective time periods are 0.64, 0.95, 0.98 and 0.98. The aggregate street network in Guantanamo increased in disconnectivity initially,but the trend has turned around after 2000.

Guantanamo and Guantánamo follow the same trend in the disconnectivity of their street network constructions. The SNDi for both of these peaked in 1976-1990.

How do development practices in Guantanamo fare in comparison to others in Guantánamo? Most recently in 2001-2014, street construction in Guantanamo was the 1st-most disconnected out of the 2 cities in Guantánamo. Its position in the ranks since 1975 has risen; relative to other cities in Guantánamo, street construction in Guantanamo has become more disconnected. Guantanamo ranked 2nd in 1975, 2nd in 1976-1990, 2nd in 1991-2000 and 1st in 2001-2014.

Guantanamo and Cuba do not follow the same trend in the disconnectivity of their street network constructions. The SNDi in Guantanamo peaked in 1976-1990, while the SNDi of street constructions in Cuba rose steadily.

How do development practices in Guantanamo fare in comparison to others in Cuba? Most recently in 2001-2014, street construction in Guantanamo was the 15th-most disconnected out of the 19 cities in Cuba. Its position in the ranks since 1975 has fallen; relative to other cities in Cuba, street construction in Guantanamo has become more connected. Guantanamo ranked 10th in 1975, 6th in 1976-1990, 11th in 1991-2000 and 15th in 2001-2014.

Guantanamo and Guantánamo do not follow the same trend in the disconnectivity of their aggregate street networks. The SNDi in Guantanamo peaked in 1991-2000, while the SNDi of street constructions in Guantánamo rose steadily.

To date, Guantanamo is the 2nd-most disconnected out of the 2 cities in Guantánamo. Its position in the ranks since 1975 has not changed. Guantanamo ranked 2nd in 1975, 2nd in 1976-1990, 2nd in 1991-2000 and 2nd in 2001-2014.

Guantanamo and Cuba do not follow the same trend in the disconnectivity of their aggregate street networks. The SNDi in Guantanamo peaked in 1991-2000, while the SNDi of street constructions in Cuba rose steadily.

To date, Guantanamo is the 13th-most disconnected out of the 19 cities in Cuba. Its position in the ranks since 1975 has fallen; relative to other cities in Cuba, the street network in Guantanamo has become more connected. Guantanamo ranked 10th in 1975, 11th in 1976-1990, 12th in 1991-2000 and 13th in 2001-2014.

As of 2015, Guantanamo had a built-up area of 11.45 square kilometers, and a population of 190010 people.

These are some other cities with approximately the same population: