Street-network Sprawl in Karamay, China

What is Street-network sprawl?

Street-network Sprawl is a way to measure urban sprawl, worldwide, through the connectedness of the streets. Less sprawl means more connected, more walkable streets. Well-connected streets – like New York City’s grid – are more walkable and can be served by public transit.

The street network is permanent, and its connectivity affects the livability and environmental footprint of cities for decades and centuries to come. In places with more connected streets, residents drive less and walk more. A well-connected street network is associated with better outcomes for health, the environment, sustainable consumption, social integration, and equity.

We can quantify how connected street networks are with the Street Network Disconnectedness Index (SNDi).

SNDi -- our measure of street-network sprawl (disconnectedness)

The SNDi is a comprehensive measurement of “sprawl”. It captures:

A higher SNDi means less-connected streets – i.e., more sprawl. For the 10137 cities in our dataset, the average SNDi is 2.25, with half of the cities' SNDis falling between 1.08 and 3.25.

More information on the sprawl index can be found in these research papers:

To see the state of street-network sprawl across the globe, visit the sprawlmap.

Karamay: city in Xinjiang Uygur, China

What exactly constitutes the spatial extent of the city? For these aggregations, we used the Global Human Settlement Layer Urban Center Database (GHS-UCDB) to define the boundaries of the city. These cities -- or urban centers -- cover areas that are densely populated and built-up, and so may extend beyond the spatial borders of these cities that we may be familiar with. The GHS area is shaded in blue.

View Karamay, China on the sprawlmap

Most recent snapshot: Taking into account the entire (i.e. aggregate) street network in Karamay as of 2014, the overall level of street-network sprawl is 1.31, which is relatively well-connected.

Trends in street network construction: The SNDis of street construction for the respective time periods are 1.46, 1.03, 2.65 and 1.12. Disconnectivity in street construction in Karamay follows a zig-zag trend. In 1976-1990, street construction was most disconnected, while construction was most connected in 1991-2000.

Quantity of street network construction: The street network in Karamay spans a total of 147 kilometers. It is dominated by roads constructed in 1976-1990. These roads have an SNDi of 1.03, which is relatively well-connected.

Effect on the aggregate network: New construction in each period adds to the total stock of streets, but does not change streets that have already been built. Therefore, it has a limited effect on the street network as a whole. The SNDis of the aggregate street network in the respective time periods are 1.46, 1.24, 1.32 and 1.31. Disconnectivity in Karamay's street network follows a zig-zag trend. In 1976-1990, the city was most disconnected; while it was most connected in 1975.

Karamay and Xinjiang Uygur follow the same trend in the disconnectivity of their street network constructions. The SNDi for both of these followed a zig-zag trend with an overall decrease.

How do development practices in Karamay fare in comparison to others in Xinjiang Uygur? Most recently in 2001-2014, street construction in Karamay was the 16th-most disconnected out of the 24 cities in Xinjiang Uygur. Its position in the ranks since 1975 has fallen; relative to other cities in Xinjiang Uygur, street construction in Karamay has become more connected. Karamay ranked 7th in 1975, 14th in 1976-1990, 7th in 1991-2000 and 16th in 2001-2014.

Karamay and China do not follow the same trend in the disconnectivity of their street network constructions. The SNDi in Karamay followed a zig-zag trend with an overall decrease, while the SNDi of street constructions in China followed a zig-zag trend with an overall decrease.

How do development practices in Karamay fare in comparison to others in China? Most recently in 2001-2014, street construction in Karamay was the 967th-most disconnected out of the 1651 cities in China. Its position in the ranks since 1975 has fallen; relative to other cities in China, street construction in Karamay has become more connected. Karamay ranked 669th in 1975, 1052nd in 1976-1990, 320th in 1991-2000 and 967th in 2001-2014.

Karamay and Xinjiang Uygur follow the same trend in the disconnectivity of their aggregate street networks. The SNDi for both of these followed a zig-zag trend with an overall decrease.

To date, Karamay is the 16th-most disconnected out of the 24 cities in Xinjiang Uygur. Its position in the ranks since 1975 has fallen; relative to other cities in Xinjiang Uygur, the street network in Karamay has become more connected. Karamay ranked 7th in 1975, 13th in 1976-1990, 16th in 1991-2000 and 16th in 2001-2014.

Karamay and China do not follow the same trend in the disconnectivity of their aggregate street networks. The SNDi in Karamay followed a zig-zag trend with an overall decrease, while the SNDi of street constructions in China peaked in 1976-1990.

To date, Karamay is the 1062nd-most disconnected out of the 1651 cities in China. Its position in the ranks since 1975 has fallen; relative to other cities in China, the street network in Karamay has become more connected. Karamay ranked 669th in 1975, 1023rd in 1976-1990, 995th in 1991-2000 and 1062nd in 2001-2014.

As of 2015, Karamay had a built-up area of 19.77 square kilometers, and a population of 245076 people.

These are some other cities with approximately the same population: