Street-network Sprawl in Manzhouli, China

What is Street-network sprawl?

Street-network Sprawl is a way to measure urban sprawl, worldwide, through the connectedness of the streets. Less sprawl means more connected, more walkable streets. Well-connected streets – like New York City’s grid – are more walkable and can be served by public transit.

The street network is permanent, and its connectivity affects the livability and environmental footprint of cities for decades and centuries to come. In places with more connected streets, residents drive less and walk more. A well-connected street network is associated with better outcomes for health, the environment, sustainable consumption, social integration, and equity.

We can quantify how connected street networks are with the Street Network Disconnectedness Index (SNDi).

SNDi -- our measure of street-network sprawl (disconnectedness)

The SNDi is a comprehensive measurement of “sprawl”. It captures:

A higher SNDi means less-connected streets – i.e., more sprawl. For the 10137 cities in our dataset, the average SNDi is 2.25, with half of the cities' SNDis falling between 1.08 and 3.25.

More information on the sprawl index can be found in these research papers:

To see the state of street-network sprawl across the globe, visit the sprawlmap.

Manzhouli: city in Nei Mongol, China

What exactly constitutes the spatial extent of the city? For these aggregations, we used the Global Human Settlement Layer Urban Center Database (GHS-UCDB) to define the boundaries of the city. These cities -- or urban centers -- cover areas that are densely populated and built-up, and so may extend beyond the spatial borders of these cities that we may be familiar with. The GHS area is shaded in blue.

View Manzhouli, China on the sprawlmap

Most recent snapshot: Taking into account the entire (i.e. aggregate) street network in Manzhouli as of 2014, the overall level of street-network sprawl is 1.34, which is relatively well-connected.

Trends in street network construction: The SNDis of street construction for the respective time periods are 0.76, 1.7, 0.53 and 0.69. Disconnectivity in street construction in Manzhouli follows a zig-zag trend. In 1991-2000, street construction was most disconnected, while construction was most connected in 1976-1990.

Quantity of street network construction: The street network in Manzhouli spans a total of 78 kilometers. It is dominated by roads constructed in 1976-1990. These roads have an SNDi of 1.7, which is relatively well-connected.

Effect on the aggregate network: New construction in each period adds to the total stock of streets, but does not change streets that have already been built. Therefore, it has a limited effect on the street network as a whole. The SNDis of the aggregate street network in the respective time periods are 0.76, 1.39, 1.39 and 1.34. The aggregate street network in Manzhouli increased in disconnectivity initially,but the trend has turned around after 1990.

Manzhouli and Nei Mongol do not follow the same trend in the disconnectivity of their street network constructions. The SNDi in Manzhouli followed a zig-zag trend with an overall decrease, while the SNDi of street constructions in Nei Mongol followed a zig-zag trend with an overall decrease.

How do development practices in Manzhouli fare in comparison to others in Nei Mongol? Most recently in 2001-2014, street construction in Manzhouli was the 38th-most disconnected out of the 45 cities in Nei Mongol. Its position in the ranks since 1975 has fallen; relative to other cities in Nei Mongol, street construction in Manzhouli has become more connected. Manzhouli ranked 24th in 1975, 30th in 1976-1990, 33rd in 1991-2000 and 38th in 2001-2014.

Manzhouli and China follow the same trend in the disconnectivity of their street network constructions. The SNDi for both of these followed a zig-zag trend with an overall decrease.

How do development practices in Manzhouli fare in comparison to others in China? Most recently in 2001-2014, street construction in Manzhouli was the 1117th-most disconnected out of the 1651 cities in China. Its position in the ranks since 1975 has fallen; relative to other cities in China, street construction in Manzhouli has become more connected. Manzhouli ranked 914th in 1975, 778th in 1976-1990, 945th in 1991-2000 and 1117th in 2001-2014.

Manzhouli and Nei Mongol do not follow the same trend in the disconnectivity of their aggregate street networks. The SNDi in Manzhouli peaked in 1976-1990, while the SNDi of street constructions in Nei Mongol fell steadily.

To date, Manzhouli is the 36th-most disconnected out of the 45 cities in Nei Mongol. Its position in the ranks since 1975 has fallen; relative to other cities in Nei Mongol, the street network in Manzhouli has become more connected. Manzhouli ranked 24th in 1975, 34th in 1976-1990, 36th in 1991-2000 and 36th in 2001-2014.

Manzhouli and China follow the same trend in the disconnectivity of their aggregate street networks. The SNDi for both of these peaked in 1976-1990.

To date, Manzhouli is the 1040th-most disconnected out of the 1651 cities in China. Its position in the ranks since 1975 has fallen; relative to other cities in China, the street network in Manzhouli has become more connected. Manzhouli ranked 914th in 1975, 939th in 1976-1990, 963rd in 1991-2000 and 1040th in 2001-2014.

As of 2015, Manzhouli had a built-up area of 8.89 square kilometers, and a population of 103617 people.

These are some other cities with approximately the same population: