Street-network Sprawl in Baotou, China

What is Street-network sprawl?

Street-network Sprawl is a way to measure urban sprawl, worldwide, through the connectedness of the streets. Less sprawl means more connected, more walkable streets. Well-connected streets – like New York City’s grid – are more walkable and can be served by public transit.

The street network is permanent, and its connectivity affects the livability and environmental footprint of cities for decades and centuries to come. In places with more connected streets, residents drive less and walk more. A well-connected street network is associated with better outcomes for health, the environment, sustainable consumption, social integration, and equity.

We can quantify how connected street networks are with the Street Network Disconnectedness Index (SNDi).

SNDi -- our measure of street-network sprawl (disconnectedness)

The SNDi is a comprehensive measurement of “sprawl”. It captures:

A higher SNDi means less-connected streets – i.e., more sprawl. For the 10137 cities in our dataset, the average SNDi is 2.25, with half of the cities' SNDis falling between 1.08 and 3.25.

More information on the sprawl index can be found in these research papers:

To see the state of street-network sprawl across the globe, visit the sprawlmap.

Baotou: city in Nei Mongol, China

What exactly constitutes the spatial extent of the city? For these aggregations, we used the Global Human Settlement Layer Urban Center Database (GHS-UCDB) to define the boundaries of the city. These cities -- or urban centers -- cover areas that are densely populated and built-up, and so may extend beyond the spatial borders of these cities that we may be familiar with. The GHS area is shaded in blue.

View Baotou, China on the sprawlmap

Most recent snapshot: Taking into account the entire (i.e. aggregate) street network in Baotou as of 2014, the overall level of street-network sprawl is 3.42, which is highly disconnected.

Trends in street network construction: The SNDis of street construction for the respective time periods are 2.26, 3.53, 4.29 and 3.93. Street construction in Baotou increased in disconnectivity initially but has since improved. The streets constructed in 1991-2000 were the most disconnected.

Quantity of street network construction: The street network in Baotou spans a total of 1394 kilometers. It is dominated by roads constructed in 1976-1990. These roads have an SNDi of 3.53, which is highly disconnected.

Effect on the aggregate network: New construction in each period adds to the total stock of streets, but does not change streets that have already been built. Therefore, it has a limited effect on the street network as a whole. The SNDis of the aggregate street network in the respective time periods are 2.26, 3.27, 3.39 and 3.42. Overall, the SNDi of the aggregate street network has risen: the street network in Baotou has become more disconnected. This increase has slowed: between 1975 and 1976-1990, SNDi rose by 1.01 points, but between 1991-2000 and 2001-2014, it rose by just 0.03.

Baotou and Nei Mongol do not follow the same trend in the disconnectivity of their street network constructions. The SNDi in Baotou peaked in 1991-2000, while the SNDi of street constructions in Nei Mongol followed a zig-zag trend with an overall decrease.

How do development practices in Baotou fare in comparison to others in Nei Mongol? Most recently in 2001-2014, street construction in Baotou was the 8th-most disconnected out of the 45 cities in Nei Mongol. Its position in the ranks since 1975 has risen; relative to other cities in Nei Mongol, street construction in Baotou has become more disconnected. Baotou ranked 14th in 1975, 11th in 1976-1990, 3rd in 1991-2000 and 8th in 2001-2014.

Baotou and China do not follow the same trend in the disconnectivity of their street network constructions. The SNDi in Baotou peaked in 1991-2000, while the SNDi of street constructions in China followed a zig-zag trend with an overall decrease.

How do development practices in Baotou fare in comparison to others in China? Most recently in 2001-2014, street construction in Baotou was the 204th-most disconnected out of the 1651 cities in China. Its position in the ranks since 1975 has risen; relative to other cities in China, street construction in Baotou has become more disconnected. Baotou ranked 425th in 1975, 208th in 1976-1990, 98th in 1991-2000 and 204th in 2001-2014.

Baotou and Nei Mongol do not follow the same trend in the disconnectivity of their aggregate street networks. The SNDi in Baotou rose steadily, while the SNDi of street constructions in Nei Mongol fell steadily.

To date, Baotou is the 10th-most disconnected out of the 45 cities in Nei Mongol. Its position in the ranks since 1975 has risen; relative to other cities in Nei Mongol, the street network in Baotou has become more disconnected. Baotou ranked 14th in 1975, 12th in 1976-1990, 11th in 1991-2000 and 10th in 2001-2014.

Baotou and China do not follow the same trend in the disconnectivity of their aggregate street networks. The SNDi in Baotou rose steadily, while the SNDi of street constructions in China peaked in 1976-1990.

To date, Baotou is the 188th-most disconnected out of the 1651 cities in China. Its position in the ranks since 1975 has risen; relative to other cities in China, the street network in Baotou has become more disconnected. Baotou ranked 425th in 1975, 214th in 1976-1990, 172nd in 1991-2000 and 188th in 2001-2014.

As of 2015, Baotou had a built-up area of 150.82 square kilometers, and a population of 1995853 people.

These are some other cities with approximately the same population: