Street-network Sprawl in Hukou, China

What is Street-network sprawl?

Street-network Sprawl is a way to measure urban sprawl, worldwide, through the connectedness of the streets. Less sprawl means more connected, more walkable streets. Well-connected streets – like New York City’s grid – are more walkable and can be served by public transit.

The street network is permanent, and its connectivity affects the livability and environmental footprint of cities for decades and centuries to come. In places with more connected streets, residents drive less and walk more. A well-connected street network is associated with better outcomes for health, the environment, sustainable consumption, social integration, and equity.

We can quantify how connected street networks are with the Street Network Disconnectedness Index (SNDi).

SNDi -- our measure of street-network sprawl (disconnectedness)

The SNDi is a comprehensive measurement of “sprawl”. It captures:

A higher SNDi means less-connected streets – i.e., more sprawl. For the 10137 cities in our dataset, the average SNDi is 2.25, with half of the cities' SNDis falling between 1.08 and 3.25.

More information on the sprawl index can be found in these research papers:

To see the state of street-network sprawl across the globe, visit the sprawlmap.

Hukou: city in Jiangxi, China

What exactly constitutes the spatial extent of the city? For these aggregations, we used the Global Human Settlement Layer Urban Center Database (GHS-UCDB) to define the boundaries of the city. These cities -- or urban centers -- cover areas that are densely populated and built-up, and so may extend beyond the spatial borders of these cities that we may be familiar with. The GHS area is shaded in blue.

View Hukou, China on the sprawlmap

Most recent snapshot: Taking into account the entire (i.e. aggregate) street network in Hukou as of 2014, the overall level of street-network sprawl is 2.23, which is relatively well-connected.

Trends in street network construction: The SNDis of street construction for the respective time periods are 3.31, 3.3, nan and 1.02. Data was not available in 1991-2000.

Quantity of street network construction: The street network in Hukou spans a total of 58 kilometers. It is dominated by roads constructed in 2001-2014. These roads have an SNDi of 1.02, which is relatively well-connected.

Effect on the aggregate network: New construction in each period adds to the total stock of streets, but does not change streets that have already been built. Therefore, it has a limited effect on the street network as a whole. The SNDis of the aggregate street network in the respective time periods are 3.31, 3.21, 3.2 and 2.23. Overall, the SNDi of the aggregate street network has fallen: the street network in Hukou has become more connected. This decrease has quickened: between 1975 and 1976-1990, SNDi fell by 0.1 points, but between 1991-2000 and 2001-2014, it fell by just 0.97.

Hukou and Jiangxi do not follow the same trend in the disconnectivity of their street network constructions. There was not enough data from the city, while the SNDi of street constructions in Jiangxi peaked in 1976-1990.

How do development practices in Hukou fare in comparison to others in Jiangxi? Most recently in 2001-2014, street construction in Hukou was the 50th-most disconnected out of the 74 cities in Jiangxi. Its position in the ranks since 1975 has fallen; relative to other cities in Jiangxi, street construction in Hukou has become more connected. Hukou ranked 9th in 1975, 17th in 1976-1990 and 50th in 2001-2014. There was no ranking in 1991-2000 due to unavailable data.

Hukou and China do not follow the same trend in the disconnectivity of their street network constructions. There was not enough data from the city, while the SNDi of street constructions in China followed a zig-zag trend with an overall decrease.

How do development practices in Hukou fare in comparison to others in China? Most recently in 2001-2014, street construction in Hukou was the 1010th-most disconnected out of the 1651 cities in China. Its position in the ranks since 1975 has fallen; relative to other cities in China, street construction in Hukou has become more connected. Hukou ranked 187th in 1975, 246th in 1976-1990 and 1010th in 2001-2014. There was no ranking in 1991-2000 due to unavailable data.

Hukou and Jiangxi do not follow the same trend in the disconnectivity of their aggregate street networks. The SNDi in Hukou fell steadily, while the SNDi of street constructions in Jiangxi peaked in 1976-1990.

To date, Hukou is the 30th-most disconnected out of the 74 cities in Jiangxi. Its position in the ranks since 1975 has fallen; relative to other cities in Jiangxi, the street network in Hukou has become more connected. Hukou ranked 9th in 1975, 11th in 1976-1990, 11th in 1991-2000 and 30th in 2001-2014.

Hukou and China do not follow the same trend in the disconnectivity of their aggregate street networks. The SNDi in Hukou fell steadily, while the SNDi of street constructions in China peaked in 1976-1990.

To date, Hukou is the 604th-most disconnected out of the 1651 cities in China. Its position in the ranks since 1975 has fallen; relative to other cities in China, the street network in Hukou has become more connected. Hukou ranked 187th in 1975, 229th in 1976-1990, 213th in 1991-2000 and 604th in 2001-2014.

As of 2015, Hukou had a built-up area of 4.5 square kilometers, and a population of 93786 people.

These are some other cities with approximately the same population: