Street-network Sprawl in Zhumadian, China

What is Street-network sprawl?

Street-network Sprawl is a way to measure urban sprawl, worldwide, through the connectedness of the streets. Less sprawl means more connected, more walkable streets. Well-connected streets – like New York City’s grid – are more walkable and can be served by public transit.

The street network is permanent, and its connectivity affects the livability and environmental footprint of cities for decades and centuries to come. In places with more connected streets, residents drive less and walk more. A well-connected street network is associated with better outcomes for health, the environment, sustainable consumption, social integration, and equity.

We can quantify how connected street networks are with the Street Network Disconnectedness Index (SNDi).

SNDi -- our measure of street-network sprawl (disconnectedness)

The SNDi is a comprehensive measurement of “sprawl”. It captures:

A higher SNDi means less-connected streets – i.e., more sprawl. For the 10137 cities in our dataset, the average SNDi is 2.25, with half of the cities' SNDis falling between 1.08 and 3.25.

More information on the sprawl index can be found in these research papers:

To see the state of street-network sprawl across the globe, visit the sprawlmap.

Zhumadian: city in Henan, China

What exactly constitutes the spatial extent of the city? For these aggregations, we used the Global Human Settlement Layer Urban Center Database (GHS-UCDB) to define the boundaries of the city. These cities -- or urban centers -- cover areas that are densely populated and built-up, and so may extend beyond the spatial borders of these cities that we may be familiar with. The GHS area is shaded in blue.

View Zhumadian, China on the sprawlmap

Most recent snapshot: Taking into account the entire (i.e. aggregate) street network in Zhumadian as of 2014, the overall level of street-network sprawl is 0.73, which is relatively well-connected.

Trends in street network construction: The SNDis of street construction for the respective time periods are 2.99, 0.63, 0.06 and 0.7. The disconnectivity of new streets constructed in Zhumadian fell, then rose. In 1991-2000, new street layouts were the most connected.

Quantity of street network construction: The street network in Zhumadian spans a total of 335 kilometers. It is dominated by roads constructed in 2001-2014. These roads have an SNDi of 0.7, which is relatively well-connected.

Effect on the aggregate network: New construction in each period adds to the total stock of streets, but does not change streets that have already been built. Therefore, it has a limited effect on the street network as a whole. The SNDis of the aggregate street network in the respective time periods are 2.99, 0.92, 0.62 and 0.73. The SNDi of the aggregate street network in fell at first, but Zhumadian has worsened in disconnectivity since 2000.

Zhumadian and Henan do not follow the same trend in the disconnectivity of their street network constructions. The SNDi in Zhumadian was at its lowest in 1991-2000, while the SNDi of street constructions in Henan peaked in 1991-2000.

How do development practices in Zhumadian fare in comparison to others in Henan? Most recently in 2001-2014, street construction in Zhumadian was the 65th-most disconnected out of the 118 cities in Henan. Its position in the ranks since 1975 has fallen; relative to other cities in Henan, street construction in Zhumadian has become more connected. Zhumadian ranked 7th in 1975, 63rd in 1976-1990, 69th in 1991-2000 and 65th in 2001-2014.

Zhumadian and China do not follow the same trend in the disconnectivity of their street network constructions. The SNDi in Zhumadian was at its lowest in 1991-2000, while the SNDi of street constructions in China followed a zig-zag trend with an overall decrease.

How do development practices in Zhumadian fare in comparison to others in China? Most recently in 2001-2014, street construction in Zhumadian was the 1108th-most disconnected out of the 1651 cities in China. Its position in the ranks since 1975 has fallen; relative to other cities in China, street construction in Zhumadian has become more connected. Zhumadian ranked 248th in 1975, 1189th in 1976-1990, 1070th in 1991-2000 and 1108th in 2001-2014.

Zhumadian and Henan do not follow the same trend in the disconnectivity of their aggregate street networks. The SNDi in Zhumadian was at its lowest in 1991-2000, while the SNDi of street constructions in Henan peaked in 1976-1990.

To date, Zhumadian is the 68th-most disconnected out of the 118 cities in Henan. Its position in the ranks since 1975 has fallen; relative to other cities in Henan, the street network in Zhumadian has become more connected. Zhumadian ranked 7th in 1975, 53rd in 1976-1990, 66th in 1991-2000 and 68th in 2001-2014.

Zhumadian and China do not follow the same trend in the disconnectivity of their aggregate street networks. The SNDi in Zhumadian was at its lowest in 1991-2000, while the SNDi of street constructions in China peaked in 1976-1990.

To date, Zhumadian is the 1347th-most disconnected out of the 1651 cities in China. Its position in the ranks since 1975 has fallen; relative to other cities in China, the street network in Zhumadian has become more connected. Zhumadian ranked 248th in 1975, 1163rd in 1976-1990, 1320th in 1991-2000 and 1347th in 2001-2014.

As of 2015, Zhumadian had a built-up area of 31.38 square kilometers, and a population of 405958 people.

These are some other cities with approximately the same population: