Street-network Sprawl in Shijiazhuang, China

What is Street-network sprawl?

Street-network Sprawl is a way to measure urban sprawl, worldwide, through the connectedness of the streets. Less sprawl means more connected, more walkable streets. Well-connected streets – like New York City’s grid – are more walkable and can be served by public transit.

The street network is permanent, and its connectivity affects the livability and environmental footprint of cities for decades and centuries to come. In places with more connected streets, residents drive less and walk more. A well-connected street network is associated with better outcomes for health, the environment, sustainable consumption, social integration, and equity.

We can quantify how connected street networks are with the Street Network Disconnectedness Index (SNDi).

SNDi -- our measure of street-network sprawl (disconnectedness)

The SNDi is a comprehensive measurement of “sprawl”. It captures:

A higher SNDi means less-connected streets – i.e., more sprawl. For the 10137 cities in our dataset, the average SNDi is 2.25, with half of the cities' SNDis falling between 1.08 and 3.25.

More information on the sprawl index can be found in these research papers:

To see the state of street-network sprawl across the globe, visit the sprawlmap.

Shijiazhuang: city in Hebei, China

What exactly constitutes the spatial extent of the city? For these aggregations, we used the Global Human Settlement Layer Urban Center Database (GHS-UCDB) to define the boundaries of the city. These cities -- or urban centers -- cover areas that are densely populated and built-up, and so may extend beyond the spatial borders of these cities that we may be familiar with. The GHS area is shaded in blue.

View Shijiazhuang, China on the sprawlmap

Most recent snapshot: Taking into account the entire (i.e. aggregate) street network in Shijiazhuang as of 2014, the overall level of street-network sprawl is 2.17, which is relatively well-connected.

Trends in street network construction: The SNDis of street construction for the respective time periods are 1.84, 2.15, 2.96 and 2.87. Street construction in Shijiazhuang increased in disconnectivity initially but has since improved. The streets constructed in 1991-2000 were the most disconnected.

Quantity of street network construction: The street network in Shijiazhuang spans a total of 3290 kilometers. It is dominated by roads constructed in 1976-1990. These roads have an SNDi of 2.15, which is relatively well-connected.

Effect on the aggregate network: New construction in each period adds to the total stock of streets, but does not change streets that have already been built. Therefore, it has a limited effect on the street network as a whole. The SNDis of the aggregate street network in the respective time periods are 1.84, 2.04, 2.11 and 2.17. Overall, the SNDi of the aggregate street network has risen: the street network in Shijiazhuang has become more disconnected. This increase has slowed: between 1975 and 1976-1990, SNDi rose by 0.2 points, but between 1991-2000 and 2001-2014, it rose by just 0.07.

Shijiazhuang and Hebei do not follow the same trend in the disconnectivity of their street network constructions. The SNDi in Shijiazhuang peaked in 1991-2000, while the SNDi of street constructions in Hebei followed a zig-zag trend with an overall decrease.

How do development practices in Shijiazhuang fare in comparison to others in Hebei? Most recently in 2001-2014, street construction in Shijiazhuang was the 24th-most disconnected out of the 99 cities in Hebei. Its position in the ranks since 1975 has risen; relative to other cities in Hebei, street construction in Shijiazhuang has become more disconnected. Shijiazhuang ranked 39th in 1975, 37th in 1976-1990, 8th in 1991-2000 and 24th in 2001-2014.

Shijiazhuang and China do not follow the same trend in the disconnectivity of their street network constructions. The SNDi in Shijiazhuang peaked in 1991-2000, while the SNDi of street constructions in China followed a zig-zag trend with an overall decrease.

How do development practices in Shijiazhuang fare in comparison to others in China? Most recently in 2001-2014, street construction in Shijiazhuang was the 410th-most disconnected out of the 1651 cities in China. Its position in the ranks since 1975 has risen; relative to other cities in China, street construction in Shijiazhuang has become more disconnected. Shijiazhuang ranked 544th in 1975, 596th in 1976-1990, 250th in 1991-2000 and 410th in 2001-2014.

Shijiazhuang and Hebei do not follow the same trend in the disconnectivity of their aggregate street networks. The SNDi in Shijiazhuang rose steadily, while the SNDi of street constructions in Hebei peaked in 1976-1990.

To date, Shijiazhuang is the 33rd-most disconnected out of the 99 cities in Hebei. Its position in the ranks since 1975 has risen; relative to other cities in Hebei, the street network in Shijiazhuang has become more disconnected. Shijiazhuang ranked 39th in 1975, 41st in 1976-1990, 30th in 1991-2000 and 33rd in 2001-2014.

Shijiazhuang and China do not follow the same trend in the disconnectivity of their aggregate street networks. The SNDi in Shijiazhuang rose steadily, while the SNDi of street constructions in China peaked in 1976-1990.

To date, Shijiazhuang is the 622nd-most disconnected out of the 1651 cities in China. Its position in the ranks since 1975 has fallen; relative to other cities in China, the street network in Shijiazhuang has become more connected. Shijiazhuang ranked 544th in 1975, 640th in 1976-1990, 609th in 1991-2000 and 622nd in 2001-2014.

As of 2015, Shijiazhuang had a built-up area of 372.88 square kilometers, and a population of 3314770 people.

These are some other cities with approximately the same population: