Street-network Sprawl in Ningjin, China

What is Street-network sprawl?

Street-network Sprawl is a way to measure urban sprawl, worldwide, through the connectedness of the streets. Less sprawl means more connected, more walkable streets. Well-connected streets – like New York City’s grid – are more walkable and can be served by public transit.

The street network is permanent, and its connectivity affects the livability and environmental footprint of cities for decades and centuries to come. In places with more connected streets, residents drive less and walk more. A well-connected street network is associated with better outcomes for health, the environment, sustainable consumption, social integration, and equity.

We can quantify how connected street networks are with the Street Network Disconnectedness Index (SNDi).

SNDi -- our measure of street-network sprawl (disconnectedness)

The SNDi is a comprehensive measurement of “sprawl”. It captures:

A higher SNDi means less-connected streets – i.e., more sprawl. For the 10137 cities in our dataset, the average SNDi is 2.25, with half of the cities' SNDis falling between 1.08 and 3.25.

More information on the sprawl index can be found in these research papers:

To see the state of street-network sprawl across the globe, visit the sprawlmap.

Ningjin: city in Hebei, China

What exactly constitutes the spatial extent of the city? For these aggregations, we used the Global Human Settlement Layer Urban Center Database (GHS-UCDB) to define the boundaries of the city. These cities -- or urban centers -- cover areas that are densely populated and built-up, and so may extend beyond the spatial borders of these cities that we may be familiar with. The GHS area is shaded in blue.

View Ningjin, China on the sprawlmap

Most recent snapshot: Taking into account the entire (i.e. aggregate) street network in Ningjin as of 2014, the overall level of street-network sprawl is 2.05, which is relatively well-connected.

Trends in street network construction: The SNDis of street construction for the respective time periods are 1.35, 2.14, 0.81 and 2.16. Disconnectivity in street construction in Ningjin follows a zig-zag trend. In 1991-2000, street construction was most disconnected, while construction was most connected in 2001-2014.

Quantity of street network construction: The street network in Ningjin spans a total of 275 kilometers. It is dominated by roads constructed in 1976-1990. These roads have an SNDi of 2.14, which is relatively well-connected.

Effect on the aggregate network: New construction in each period adds to the total stock of streets, but does not change streets that have already been built. Therefore, it has a limited effect on the street network as a whole. The SNDis of the aggregate street network in the respective time periods are 1.35, 2.04, 2.0 and 2.05. Disconnectivity in Ningjin's street network follows a zig-zag trend. In 1975, the city was most disconnected; while it was most connected in 2001-2014.

Ningjin and Hebei follow the same trend in the disconnectivity of their street network constructions. The SNDi for both of these followed a zig-zag trend with an overall increase.

How do development practices in Ningjin fare in comparison to others in Hebei? Most recently in 2001-2014, street construction in Ningjin was the 35th-most disconnected out of the 99 cities in Hebei. Its position in the ranks since 1975 has risen; relative to other cities in Hebei, street construction in Ningjin has become more disconnected. Ningjin ranked 54th in 1975, 38th in 1976-1990, 55th in 1991-2000 and 35th in 2001-2014.

Ningjin and China follow the same trend in the disconnectivity of their street network constructions. The SNDi for both of these followed a zig-zag trend with an overall increase.

How do development practices in Ningjin fare in comparison to others in China? Most recently in 2001-2014, street construction in Ningjin was the 623rd-most disconnected out of the 1651 cities in China. Its position in the ranks since 1975 has risen; relative to other cities in China, street construction in Ningjin has become more disconnected. Ningjin ranked 709th in 1975, 599th in 1976-1990, 858th in 1991-2000 and 623rd in 2001-2014.

Ningjin and Hebei do not follow the same trend in the disconnectivity of their aggregate street networks. The SNDi in Ningjin followed a zig-zag trend with an overall increase, while the SNDi of street constructions in Hebei peaked in 1976-1990.

To date, Ningjin is the 34th-most disconnected out of the 99 cities in Hebei. Its position in the ranks since 1975 has risen; relative to other cities in Hebei, the street network in Ningjin has become more disconnected. Ningjin ranked 54th in 1975, 42nd in 1976-1990, 37th in 1991-2000 and 34th in 2001-2014.

Ningjin and China do not follow the same trend in the disconnectivity of their aggregate street networks. The SNDi in Ningjin followed a zig-zag trend with an overall increase, while the SNDi of street constructions in China peaked in 1976-1990.

To date, Ningjin is the 682nd-most disconnected out of the 1651 cities in China. Its position in the ranks since 1975 has risen; relative to other cities in China, the street network in Ningjin has become more disconnected. Ningjin ranked 709th in 1975, 642nd in 1976-1990, 664th in 1991-2000 and 682nd in 2001-2014.

As of 2015, Ningjin had a built-up area of 21.76 square kilometers, and a population of 125190 people.

These are some other cities with approximately the same population: