Street-network Sprawl in Gaoyang, China

What is Street-network sprawl?

Street-network Sprawl is a way to measure urban sprawl, worldwide, through the connectedness of the streets. Less sprawl means more connected, more walkable streets. Well-connected streets – like New York City’s grid – are more walkable and can be served by public transit.

The street network is permanent, and its connectivity affects the livability and environmental footprint of cities for decades and centuries to come. In places with more connected streets, residents drive less and walk more. A well-connected street network is associated with better outcomes for health, the environment, sustainable consumption, social integration, and equity.

We can quantify how connected street networks are with the Street Network Disconnectedness Index (SNDi).

SNDi -- our measure of street-network sprawl (disconnectedness)

The SNDi is a comprehensive measurement of “sprawl”. It captures:

A higher SNDi means less-connected streets – i.e., more sprawl. For the 10137 cities in our dataset, the average SNDi is 2.25, with half of the cities' SNDis falling between 1.08 and 3.25.

More information on the sprawl index can be found in these research papers:

To see the state of street-network sprawl across the globe, visit the sprawlmap.

Gaoyang: city in Hebei, China

What exactly constitutes the spatial extent of the city? For these aggregations, we used the Global Human Settlement Layer Urban Center Database (GHS-UCDB) to define the boundaries of the city. These cities -- or urban centers -- cover areas that are densely populated and built-up, and so may extend beyond the spatial borders of these cities that we may be familiar with. The GHS area is shaded in blue.

View Gaoyang, China on the sprawlmap

Most recent snapshot: Taking into account the entire (i.e. aggregate) street network in Gaoyang as of 2014, the overall level of street-network sprawl is -0.39, which is very well-connected.

Trends in street network construction: The SNDis of street construction for the respective time periods are -0.97, nan, 0.28 and nan. Data was not available in 1976-1990 and 2001-2014.

Quantity of street network construction: The street network in Gaoyang spans a total of 108 kilometers. It is dominated by roads constructed in 1991-2000. These roads have an SNDi of 0.28, which is very well-connected.

Effect on the aggregate network: New construction in each period adds to the total stock of streets, but does not change streets that have already been built. Therefore, it has a limited effect on the street network as a whole. The SNDis of the aggregate street network in the respective time periods are -0.97, -0.92, -0.37 and -0.39. The aggregate street network in Gaoyang increased in disconnectivity initially,but the trend has turned around after 2000.

Gaoyang and Hebei do not follow the same trend in the disconnectivity of their street network constructions. There was not enough data from the city, while the SNDi of street constructions in Hebei followed a zig-zag trend with an overall decrease.

How do development practices in Gaoyang fare in comparison to others in Hebei? out of the 99 cities in Hebei. Gaoyang ranked 90th in 1975 and 61st in 1991-2000. There was no ranking in 1976-1990 and 2001-2014 due to unavailable data.

Gaoyang and China do not follow the same trend in the disconnectivity of their street network constructions. There was not enough data from the city, while the SNDi of street constructions in China followed a zig-zag trend with an overall decrease.

How do development practices in Gaoyang fare in comparison to others in China? out of the 1651 cities in China. Gaoyang ranked 1258th in 1975 and 1018th in 1991-2000. There was no ranking in 1976-1990 and 2001-2014 due to unavailable data.

Gaoyang and Hebei do not follow the same trend in the disconnectivity of their aggregate street networks. The SNDi in Gaoyang peaked in 1991-2000, while the SNDi of street constructions in Hebei peaked in 1976-1990.

To date, Gaoyang is the 94th-most disconnected out of the 99 cities in Hebei. Its position in the ranks since 1975 has fallen; relative to other cities in Hebei, the street network in Gaoyang has become more connected. Gaoyang ranked 90th in 1975, 95th in 1976-1990, 91st in 1991-2000 and 94th in 2001-2014.

Gaoyang and China do not follow the same trend in the disconnectivity of their aggregate street networks. The SNDi in Gaoyang peaked in 1991-2000, while the SNDi of street constructions in China peaked in 1976-1990.

To date, Gaoyang is the 1612th-most disconnected out of the 1651 cities in China. Its position in the ranks since 1975 has fallen; relative to other cities in China, the street network in Gaoyang has become more connected. Gaoyang ranked 1258th in 1975, 1579th in 1976-1990, 1574th in 1991-2000 and 1612th in 2001-2014.

As of 2015, Gaoyang had a built-up area of 11.19 square kilometers, and a population of 57456 people.

These are some other cities with approximately the same population: