Street-network Sprawl in Tongling, China

What is Street-network sprawl?

Street-network Sprawl is a way to measure urban sprawl, worldwide, through the connectedness of the streets. Less sprawl means more connected, more walkable streets. Well-connected streets – like New York City’s grid – are more walkable and can be served by public transit.

The street network is permanent, and its connectivity affects the livability and environmental footprint of cities for decades and centuries to come. In places with more connected streets, residents drive less and walk more. A well-connected street network is associated with better outcomes for health, the environment, sustainable consumption, social integration, and equity.

We can quantify how connected street networks are with the Street Network Disconnectedness Index (SNDi).

SNDi -- our measure of street-network sprawl (disconnectedness)

The SNDi is a comprehensive measurement of “sprawl”. It captures:

A higher SNDi means less-connected streets – i.e., more sprawl. For the 10137 cities in our dataset, the average SNDi is 2.25, with half of the cities' SNDis falling between 1.08 and 3.25.

More information on the sprawl index can be found in these research papers:

To see the state of street-network sprawl across the globe, visit the sprawlmap.

Tongling: city in Anhui, China

What exactly constitutes the spatial extent of the city? For these aggregations, we used the Global Human Settlement Layer Urban Center Database (GHS-UCDB) to define the boundaries of the city. These cities -- or urban centers -- cover areas that are densely populated and built-up, and so may extend beyond the spatial borders of these cities that we may be familiar with. The GHS area is shaded in blue.

View Tongling, China on the sprawlmap

Most recent snapshot: Taking into account the entire (i.e. aggregate) street network in Tongling as of 2014, the overall level of street-network sprawl is 1.17, which is relatively well-connected.

Trends in street network construction: The SNDis of street construction for the respective time periods are 0.92, 1.51, 0.52 and 1.21. Disconnectivity in street construction in Tongling follows a zig-zag trend. In 1991-2000, street construction was most disconnected, while construction was most connected in 1976-1990.

Quantity of street network construction: The street network in Tongling spans a total of 329 kilometers. It is dominated by roads constructed in 2001-2014. These roads have an SNDi of 1.21, which is relatively well-connected.

Effect on the aggregate network: New construction in each period adds to the total stock of streets, but does not change streets that have already been built. Therefore, it has a limited effect on the street network as a whole. The SNDis of the aggregate street network in the respective time periods are 0.92, 1.24, 1.19 and 1.17. The aggregate street network in Tongling increased in disconnectivity initially,but the trend has turned around after 1990.

Tongling and Anhui do not follow the same trend in the disconnectivity of their street network constructions. The SNDi in Tongling followed a zig-zag trend with an overall increase, while the SNDi of street constructions in Anhui fell steadily.

How do development practices in Tongling fare in comparison to others in Anhui? Most recently in 2001-2014, street construction in Tongling was the 29th-most disconnected out of the 65 cities in Anhui. Its position in the ranks since 1975 has fallen; relative to other cities in Anhui, street construction in Tongling has become more connected. Tongling ranked 23rd in 1975, 26th in 1976-1990, 35th in 1991-2000 and 29th in 2001-2014.

Tongling and China follow the same trend in the disconnectivity of their street network constructions. The SNDi for both of these followed a zig-zag trend with an overall increase.

How do development practices in Tongling fare in comparison to others in China? Most recently in 2001-2014, street construction in Tongling was the 942nd-most disconnected out of the 1651 cities in China. Its position in the ranks since 1975 has fallen; relative to other cities in China, street construction in Tongling has become more connected. Tongling ranked 855th in 1975, 867th in 1976-1990, 947th in 1991-2000 and 942nd in 2001-2014.

Tongling and Anhui do not follow the same trend in the disconnectivity of their aggregate street networks. The SNDi in Tongling peaked in 1976-1990, while the SNDi of street constructions in Anhui fell steadily.

To date, Tongling is the 30th-most disconnected out of the 65 cities in Anhui. Its position in the ranks since 1975 has fallen; relative to other cities in Anhui, the street network in Tongling has become more connected. Tongling ranked 23rd in 1975, 31st in 1976-1990, 28th in 1991-2000 and 30th in 2001-2014.

Tongling and China follow the same trend in the disconnectivity of their aggregate street networks. The SNDi for both of these peaked in 1976-1990.

To date, Tongling is the 1128th-most disconnected out of the 1651 cities in China. Its position in the ranks since 1975 has fallen; relative to other cities in China, the street network in Tongling has become more connected. Tongling ranked 855th in 1975, 1024th in 1976-1990, 1066th in 1991-2000 and 1128th in 2001-2014.

As of 2015, Tongling had a built-up area of 47.98 square kilometers, and a population of 464942 people.

These are some other cities with approximately the same population: