Street-network Sprawl in Taubaté, Brazil

What is Street-network sprawl?

Street-network Sprawl is a way to measure urban sprawl, worldwide, through the connectedness of the streets. Less sprawl means more connected, more walkable streets. Well-connected streets – like New York City’s grid – are more walkable and can be served by public transit.

The street network is permanent, and its connectivity affects the livability and environmental footprint of cities for decades and centuries to come. In places with more connected streets, residents drive less and walk more. A well-connected street network is associated with better outcomes for health, the environment, sustainable consumption, social integration, and equity.

We can quantify how connected street networks are with the Street Network Disconnectedness Index (SNDi).

SNDi -- our measure of street-network sprawl (disconnectedness)

The SNDi is a comprehensive measurement of “sprawl”. It captures:

A higher SNDi means less-connected streets – i.e., more sprawl. For the 10137 cities in our dataset, the average SNDi is 2.25, with half of the cities' SNDis falling between 1.08 and 3.25.

More information on the sprawl index can be found in these research papers:

To see the state of street-network sprawl across the globe, visit the sprawlmap.

Taubaté: city in São Paulo, Brazil

What exactly constitutes the spatial extent of the city? For these aggregations, we used the Global Human Settlement Layer Urban Center Database (GHS-UCDB) to define the boundaries of the city. These cities -- or urban centers -- cover areas that are densely populated and built-up, and so may extend beyond the spatial borders of these cities that we may be familiar with. The GHS area is shaded in blue.

View Taubaté, Brazil on the sprawlmap

Most recent snapshot: Taking into account the entire (i.e. aggregate) street network in Taubaté as of 2014, the overall level of street-network sprawl is 2.48, which is in the 40th to 60th percentile of disconnectedness.

Trends in street network construction: The SNDis of street construction for the respective time periods are 2.48, nan, nan and 4.83. Data was not available in 1976-1990 and 1991-2000.

Quantity of street network construction: The street network in Taubaté spans a total of 933 kilometers. It is dominated by roads constructed prior to 1975. These roads have an SNDi of 2.48, which is in the 40th to 60th percentile of disconnectedness.

Effect on the aggregate network: New construction in each period adds to the total stock of streets, but does not change streets that have already been built. Therefore, it has a limited effect on the street network as a whole. The SNDis of the aggregate street network in the respective time periods are 2.48, 2.48, 2.48 and 2.48. Overall, the SNDi of the aggregate street network has risen: the street network in Taubaté has become more disconnected.

Taubaté and São Paulo do not follow the same trend in the disconnectivity of their street network constructions. There was not enough data from the city, while the SNDi of street constructions in São Paulo rose steadily.

How do development practices in Taubaté fare in comparison to others in São Paulo? Most recently in 2001-2014, street construction in Taubaté was the 19th-most disconnected out of the 74 cities in São Paulo. Taubaté ranked 11th in 1975 and 19th in 2001-2014. There was no ranking in 1976-1990 and 1991-2000 due to unavailable data.

Taubaté and Brazil do not follow the same trend in the disconnectivity of their street network constructions. There was not enough data from the city, while the SNDi of street constructions in Brazil rose steadily.

How do development practices in Taubaté fare in comparison to others in Brazil? Most recently in 2001-2014, street construction in Taubaté was the 69th-most disconnected out of the 348 cities in Brazil. Taubaté ranked 56th in 1975 and 69th in 2001-2014. There was no ranking in 1976-1990 and 1991-2000 due to unavailable data.

Taubaté and São Paulo do not follow the same trend in the disconnectivity of their aggregate street networks. The SNDi in Taubaté rose steadily, while the SNDi of street constructions in São Paulo rose steadily.

To date, Taubaté is the 16th-most disconnected out of the 74 cities in São Paulo. Its position in the ranks since 1975 has fallen; relative to other cities in São Paulo, the street network in Taubaté has become more connected. Taubaté ranked 11th in 1975, 14th in 1976-1990, 15th in 1991-2000 and 16th in 2001-2014.

Taubaté and Brazil do not follow the same trend in the disconnectivity of their aggregate street networks. The SNDi in Taubaté rose steadily, while the SNDi of street constructions in Brazil rose steadily.

To date, Taubaté is the 79th-most disconnected out of the 348 cities in Brazil. Its position in the ranks since 1975 has fallen; relative to other cities in Brazil, the street network in Taubaté has become more connected. Taubaté ranked 56th in 1975, 62nd in 1976-1990, 71st in 1991-2000 and 79th in 2001-2014.

As of 2015, Taubaté had a built-up area of 39.3 square kilometers, and a population of 281299 people.

These are some other cities with approximately the same population: