Street-network Sprawl in Arujá, Brazil

What is Street-network sprawl?

Street-network Sprawl is a way to measure urban sprawl, worldwide, through the connectedness of the streets. Less sprawl means more connected, more walkable streets. Well-connected streets – like New York City’s grid – are more walkable and can be served by public transit.

The street network is permanent, and its connectivity affects the livability and environmental footprint of cities for decades and centuries to come. In places with more connected streets, residents drive less and walk more. A well-connected street network is associated with better outcomes for health, the environment, sustainable consumption, social integration, and equity.

We can quantify how connected street networks are with the Street Network Disconnectedness Index (SNDi).

SNDi -- our measure of street-network sprawl (disconnectedness)

The SNDi is a comprehensive measurement of “sprawl”. It captures:

A higher SNDi means less-connected streets – i.e., more sprawl. For the 10137 cities in our dataset, the average SNDi is 2.25, with half of the cities' SNDis falling between 1.08 and 3.25.

More information on the sprawl index can be found in these research papers:

To see the state of street-network sprawl across the globe, visit the sprawlmap.

Arujá: city in São Paulo, Brazil

What exactly constitutes the spatial extent of the city? For these aggregations, we used the Global Human Settlement Layer Urban Center Database (GHS-UCDB) to define the boundaries of the city. These cities -- or urban centers -- cover areas that are densely populated and built-up, and so may extend beyond the spatial borders of these cities that we may be familiar with. The GHS area is shaded in blue.

View Arujá, Brazil on the sprawlmap

Most recent snapshot: Taking into account the entire (i.e. aggregate) street network in Arujá as of 2014, the overall level of street-network sprawl is 3.32, which is highly disconnected.

Trends in street network construction: The SNDis of street construction for the respective time periods are 2.59, 3.65, nan and 6.0. Data was not available in 1991-2000.

Quantity of street network construction: The street network in Arujá spans a total of 193 kilometers. It is dominated by roads constructed in 1976-1990. These roads have an SNDi of 3.65, which is highly disconnected.

Effect on the aggregate network: New construction in each period adds to the total stock of streets, but does not change streets that have already been built. Therefore, it has a limited effect on the street network as a whole. The SNDis of the aggregate street network in the respective time periods are 2.59, 3.24, 3.26 and 3.32. Overall, the SNDi of the aggregate street network has risen: the street network in Arujá has become more disconnected. This increase has slowed: between 1975 and 1976-1990, SNDi rose by 0.65 points, but between 1991-2000 and 2001-2014, it rose by just 0.05.

Arujá and São Paulo do not follow the same trend in the disconnectivity of their street network constructions. There was not enough data from the city, while the SNDi of street constructions in São Paulo rose steadily.

How do development practices in Arujá fare in comparison to others in São Paulo? Most recently in 2001-2014, street construction in Arujá was the 12th-most disconnected out of the 74 cities in São Paulo. Its position in the ranks since 1975 has fallen; relative to other cities in São Paulo, street construction in Arujá has become more connected. Arujá ranked 8th in 1975, 15th in 1976-1990 and 12th in 2001-2014. There was no ranking in 1991-2000 due to unavailable data.

Arujá and Brazil do not follow the same trend in the disconnectivity of their street network constructions. There was not enough data from the city, while the SNDi of street constructions in Brazil rose steadily.

How do development practices in Arujá fare in comparison to others in Brazil? Most recently in 2001-2014, street construction in Arujá was the 36th-most disconnected out of the 348 cities in Brazil. Its position in the ranks since 1975 has risen; relative to other cities in Brazil, street construction in Arujá has become more disconnected. Arujá ranked 53rd in 1975, 42nd in 1976-1990 and 36th in 2001-2014. There was no ranking in 1991-2000 due to unavailable data.

Arujá and São Paulo follow the same trend in the disconnectivity of their aggregate street networks. The SNDi for both of these rose steadily.

To date, Arujá is the 10th-most disconnected out of the 74 cities in São Paulo. Its position in the ranks since 1975 has fallen; relative to other cities in São Paulo, the street network in Arujá has become more connected. Arujá ranked 8th in 1975, 9th in 1976-1990, 9th in 1991-2000 and 10th in 2001-2014.

Arujá and Brazil follow the same trend in the disconnectivity of their aggregate street networks. The SNDi for both of these rose steadily.

To date, Arujá is the 40th-most disconnected out of the 348 cities in Brazil. Its position in the ranks since 1975 has risen; relative to other cities in Brazil, the street network in Arujá has become more disconnected. Arujá ranked 53rd in 1975, 37th in 1976-1990, 37th in 1991-2000 and 40th in 2001-2014.

As of 2015, Arujá had a built-up area of 6.37 square kilometers, and a population of 56926 people.

These are some other cities with approximately the same population: