Street-network Sprawl in Caldas Novas, Brazil

What is Street-network sprawl?

Street-network Sprawl is a way to measure urban sprawl, worldwide, through the connectedness of the streets. Less sprawl means more connected, more walkable streets. Well-connected streets – like New York City’s grid – are more walkable and can be served by public transit.

The street network is permanent, and its connectivity affects the livability and environmental footprint of cities for decades and centuries to come. In places with more connected streets, residents drive less and walk more. A well-connected street network is associated with better outcomes for health, the environment, sustainable consumption, social integration, and equity.

We can quantify how connected street networks are with the Street Network Disconnectedness Index (SNDi).

SNDi -- our measure of street-network sprawl (disconnectedness)

The SNDi is a comprehensive measurement of “sprawl”. It captures:

A higher SNDi means less-connected streets – i.e., more sprawl. For the 10137 cities in our dataset, the average SNDi is 2.25, with half of the cities' SNDis falling between 1.08 and 3.25.

More information on the sprawl index can be found in these research papers:

To see the state of street-network sprawl across the globe, visit the sprawlmap.

Caldas Novas: city in Goiás, Brazil

What exactly constitutes the spatial extent of the city? For these aggregations, we used the Global Human Settlement Layer Urban Center Database (GHS-UCDB) to define the boundaries of the city. These cities -- or urban centers -- cover areas that are densely populated and built-up, and so may extend beyond the spatial borders of these cities that we may be familiar with. The GHS area is shaded in blue.

View Caldas Novas, Brazil on the sprawlmap

Most recent snapshot: Taking into account the entire (i.e. aggregate) street network in Caldas Novas as of 2014, the overall level of street-network sprawl is 0.55, which is relatively well-connected.

Trends in street network construction: The SNDis of street construction for the respective time periods are 0.31, nan, 0.71 and 0.92. Data was not available in 1976-1990.

Quantity of street network construction: The street network in Caldas Novas spans a total of 312 kilometers. It is dominated by roads constructed in 1991-2000. These roads have an SNDi of 0.71, which is relatively well-connected.

Effect on the aggregate network: New construction in each period adds to the total stock of streets, but does not change streets that have already been built. Therefore, it has a limited effect on the street network as a whole. The SNDis of the aggregate street network in the respective time periods are 0.31, 0.31, 0.54 and 0.55. Overall, the SNDi of the aggregate street network has risen: the street network in Caldas Novas has become more disconnected.

Caldas Novas and Goiás do not follow the same trend in the disconnectivity of their street network constructions. There was not enough data from the city, while the SNDi of street constructions in Goiás rose steadily.

How do development practices in Caldas Novas fare in comparison to others in Goiás? Most recently in 2001-2014, street construction in Caldas Novas was the 11th-most disconnected out of the 18 cities in Goiás. Its position in the ranks since 1975 has not changed. Caldas Novas ranked 9th in 1975, 11th in 1991-2000 and 11th in 2001-2014. There was no ranking in 1976-1990 due to unavailable data.

Caldas Novas and Brazil do not follow the same trend in the disconnectivity of their street network constructions. There was not enough data from the city, while the SNDi of street constructions in Brazil rose steadily.

How do development practices in Caldas Novas fare in comparison to others in Brazil? Most recently in 2001-2014, street construction in Caldas Novas was the 296th-most disconnected out of the 348 cities in Brazil. Its position in the ranks since 1975 has fallen; relative to other cities in Brazil, street construction in Caldas Novas has become more connected. Caldas Novas ranked 259th in 1975, 292nd in 1991-2000 and 296th in 2001-2014. There was no ranking in 1976-1990 due to unavailable data.

Caldas Novas and Goiás do not follow the same trend in the disconnectivity of their aggregate street networks. The SNDi in Caldas Novas rose steadily, while the SNDi of street constructions in Goiás rose steadily.

To date, Caldas Novas is the 9th-most disconnected out of the 18 cities in Goiás. Its position in the ranks since 1975 has not changed. Caldas Novas ranked 9th in 1975, 9th in 1976-1990, 9th in 1991-2000 and 9th in 2001-2014.

Caldas Novas and Brazil do not follow the same trend in the disconnectivity of their aggregate street networks. The SNDi in Caldas Novas rose steadily, while the SNDi of street constructions in Brazil rose steadily.

To date, Caldas Novas is the 284th-most disconnected out of the 348 cities in Brazil. Its position in the ranks since 1975 has fallen; relative to other cities in Brazil, the street network in Caldas Novas has become more connected. Caldas Novas ranked 259th in 1975, 290th in 1976-1990, 280th in 1991-2000 and 284th in 2001-2014.

As of 2015, Caldas Novas had a built-up area of 9.66 square kilometers, and a population of 66357 people.

These are some other cities with approximately the same population: