Street-network Sprawl in Colatina, Brazil

What is Street-network sprawl?

Street-network Sprawl is a way to measure urban sprawl, worldwide, through the connectedness of the streets. Less sprawl means more connected, more walkable streets. Well-connected streets – like New York City’s grid – are more walkable and can be served by public transit.

The street network is permanent, and its connectivity affects the livability and environmental footprint of cities for decades and centuries to come. In places with more connected streets, residents drive less and walk more. A well-connected street network is associated with better outcomes for health, the environment, sustainable consumption, social integration, and equity.

We can quantify how connected street networks are with the Street Network Disconnectedness Index (SNDi).

SNDi -- our measure of street-network sprawl (disconnectedness)

The SNDi is a comprehensive measurement of “sprawl”. It captures:

A higher SNDi means less-connected streets – i.e., more sprawl. For the 10137 cities in our dataset, the average SNDi is 2.25, with half of the cities' SNDis falling between 1.08 and 3.25.

More information on the sprawl index can be found in these research papers:

To see the state of street-network sprawl across the globe, visit the sprawlmap.

Colatina: city in Espírito Santo, Brazil

What exactly constitutes the spatial extent of the city? For these aggregations, we used the Global Human Settlement Layer Urban Center Database (GHS-UCDB) to define the boundaries of the city. These cities -- or urban centers -- cover areas that are densely populated and built-up, and so may extend beyond the spatial borders of these cities that we may be familiar with. The GHS area is shaded in blue.

View Colatina, Brazil on the sprawlmap

Most recent snapshot: Taking into account the entire (i.e. aggregate) street network in Colatina as of 2014, the overall level of street-network sprawl is 3.18, which is in the 40th to 60th percentile of disconnectedness.

Trends in street network construction: The SNDis of street construction for the respective time periods are 2.78, 3.9, 4.19 and 6.57. In each period, new street development in Colatina steadily grows more disconnected than in the last.

Quantity of street network construction: The street network in Colatina spans a total of 209 kilometers. It is dominated by roads constructed prior to 1975. These roads have an SNDi of 2.78, which is in the 40th to 60th percentile of disconnectedness.

Effect on the aggregate network: New construction in each period adds to the total stock of streets, but does not change streets that have already been built. Therefore, it has a limited effect on the street network as a whole. The SNDis of the aggregate street network in the respective time periods are 2.78, 3.07, 3.12 and 3.18. Overall, the SNDi of the aggregate street network has risen: the street network in Colatina has become more disconnected. This increase has slowed: between 1975 and 1976-1990, SNDi rose by 0.29 points, but between 1991-2000 and 2001-2014, it rose by just 0.06.

Colatina and Espírito Santo follow the same trend in the disconnectivity of their street network constructions. The SNDi for both of these rose steadily.

How do development practices in Colatina fare in comparison to others in Espírito Santo? Most recently in 2001-2014, street construction in Colatina was the 1st-most disconnected out of the 8 cities in Espírito Santo. Its position in the ranks since 1975 has risen; relative to other cities in Espírito Santo, street construction in Colatina has become more disconnected. Colatina ranked 2nd in 1975, 2nd in 1976-1990, 2nd in 1991-2000 and 1st in 2001-2014.

Colatina and Brazil follow the same trend in the disconnectivity of their street network constructions. The SNDi for both of these rose steadily.

How do development practices in Colatina fare in comparison to others in Brazil? Most recently in 2001-2014, street construction in Colatina was the 24th-most disconnected out of the 348 cities in Brazil. Its position in the ranks since 1975 has risen; relative to other cities in Brazil, street construction in Colatina has become more disconnected. Colatina ranked 43rd in 1975, 39th in 1976-1990, 61st in 1991-2000 and 24th in 2001-2014.

Colatina and Espírito Santo follow the same trend in the disconnectivity of their aggregate street networks. The SNDi for both of these rose steadily.

To date, Colatina is the 2nd-most disconnected out of the 8 cities in Espírito Santo. Its position in the ranks since 1975 has not changed. Colatina ranked 2nd in 1975, 2nd in 1976-1990, 2nd in 1991-2000 and 2nd in 2001-2014.

Colatina and Brazil follow the same trend in the disconnectivity of their aggregate street networks. The SNDi for both of these rose steadily.

To date, Colatina is the 44th-most disconnected out of the 348 cities in Brazil. Its position in the ranks since 1975 has fallen; relative to other cities in Brazil, the street network in Colatina has become more connected. Colatina ranked 43rd in 1975, 44th in 1976-1990, 43rd in 1991-2000 and 44th in 2001-2014.

As of 2015, Colatina had a built-up area of 6.24 square kilometers, and a population of 77045 people.

These are some other cities with approximately the same population: