Street-network Sprawl in Bagram, Afghanistan

What is Street-network sprawl?

Street-network Sprawl is a way to measure urban sprawl, worldwide, through the connectedness of the streets. Less sprawl means more connected, more walkable streets. Well-connected streets – like New York City’s grid – are more walkable and can be served by public transit.

The street network is permanent, and its connectivity affects the livability and environmental footprint of cities for decades and centuries to come. In places with more connected streets, residents drive less and walk more. A well-connected street network is associated with better outcomes for health, the environment, sustainable consumption, social integration, and equity.

We can quantify how connected street networks are with the Street Network Disconnectedness Index (SNDi).

SNDi -- our measure of street-network sprawl (disconnectedness)

The SNDi is a comprehensive measurement of “sprawl”. It captures:

A higher SNDi means less-connected streets – i.e., more sprawl. For the 10137 cities in our dataset, the average SNDi is 2.25, with half of the cities' SNDis falling between 1.08 and 3.25.

More information on the sprawl index can be found in these research papers:

To see the state of street-network sprawl across the globe, visit the sprawlmap.

Bagram: city in Parwan, Afghanistan

What exactly constitutes the spatial extent of the city? For these aggregations, we used the Global Human Settlement Layer Urban Center Database (GHS-UCDB) to define the boundaries of the city. These cities -- or urban centers -- cover areas that are densely populated and built-up, and so may extend beyond the spatial borders of these cities that we may be familiar with. The GHS area is shaded in blue.

View Bagram, Afghanistan on the sprawlmap

Most recent snapshot: Taking into account the entire (i.e. aggregate) street network in Bagram as of 2014, the overall level of street-network sprawl is 4.17, which is highly disconnected.

Trends in street network construction: The SNDis of street construction for the respective time periods are nan, 5.75, 3.33 and 3.88. Data was not available in 1975.

Quantity of street network construction: The street network in Bagram spans a total of 35 kilometers. It is dominated by roads constructed in 2001-2014. These roads have an SNDi of 3.88, which is highly disconnected.

Effect on the aggregate network: New construction in each period adds to the total stock of streets, but does not change streets that have already been built. Therefore, it has a limited effect on the street network as a whole. The SNDis of the aggregate street network in the respective time periods are nan, 5.56, 4.34 and 4.17. Data was not available in 1975.

Bagram and Parwan do not follow the same trend in the disconnectivity of their street network constructions. There was not enough data from the city, while the SNDi of street constructions in Parwan followed a zig-zag trend with an overall decrease.

How do development practices in Bagram fare in comparison to others in Parwan? Most recently in 2001-2014, street construction in Bagram was the 1st-most disconnected out of the 2 cities in Parwan. Its position in the ranks since 1975 has not changed. Bagram ranked 1st in 1976-1990, 1st in 1991-2000 and 1st in 2001-2014. There was no ranking in 1975 due to unavailable data.

Bagram and Afghanistan do not follow the same trend in the disconnectivity of their street network constructions. There was not enough data from the city, while the SNDi of street constructions in Afghanistan followed a zig-zag trend with an overall decrease.

How do development practices in Bagram fare in comparison to others in Afghanistan? Most recently in 2001-2014, street construction in Bagram was the 4th-most disconnected out of the 40 cities in Afghanistan. Its position in the ranks since 1975 has fallen; relative to other cities in Afghanistan, street construction in Bagram has become more connected. Bagram ranked 3rd in 1976-1990, 12th in 1991-2000 and 4th in 2001-2014. There was no ranking in 1975 due to unavailable data.

Bagram and Parwan do not follow the same trend in the disconnectivity of their aggregate street networks. There was not enough data from the city, while the SNDi of street constructions in Parwan fell steadily.

To date, Bagram is the 1st-most disconnected out of the 2 cities in Parwan. Its position in the ranks since 1975 has not changed. Bagram ranked 1st in 1976-1990, 1st in 1991-2000 and 1st in 2001-2014. There was no ranking in 1975 due to unavailable data.

Bagram and Afghanistan do not follow the same trend in the disconnectivity of their aggregate street networks. There was not enough data from the city, while the SNDi of street constructions in Afghanistan followed a zig-zag trend with an overall decrease.

To date, Bagram is the 10th-most disconnected out of the 40 cities in Afghanistan. Its position in the ranks since 1975 has fallen; relative to other cities in Afghanistan, the street network in Bagram has become more connected. Bagram ranked 6th in 1976-1990, 9th in 1991-2000 and 10th in 2001-2014. There was no ranking in 1975 due to unavailable data.

As of 2015, Bagram had a built-up area of 2.7 square kilometers, and a population of 93637 people.

These are some other cities with approximately the same population: