Street-network Sprawl in Chaman, Afghanistan

What is Street-network sprawl?

Street-network Sprawl is a way to measure urban sprawl, worldwide, through the connectedness of the streets. Less sprawl means more connected, more walkable streets. Well-connected streets – like New York City’s grid – are more walkable and can be served by public transit.

The street network is permanent, and its connectivity affects the livability and environmental footprint of cities for decades and centuries to come. In places with more connected streets, residents drive less and walk more. A well-connected street network is associated with better outcomes for health, the environment, sustainable consumption, social integration, and equity.

We can quantify how connected street networks are with the Street Network Disconnectedness Index (SNDi).

SNDi -- our measure of street-network sprawl (disconnectedness)

The SNDi is a comprehensive measurement of “sprawl”. It captures:

A higher SNDi means less-connected streets – i.e., more sprawl. For the 10137 cities in our dataset, the average SNDi is 2.25, with half of the cities' SNDis falling between 1.08 and 3.25.

More information on the sprawl index can be found in these research papers:

To see the state of street-network sprawl across the globe, visit the sprawlmap.

Chaman: city in Kandahar, Afghanistan

What exactly constitutes the spatial extent of the city? For these aggregations, we used the Global Human Settlement Layer Urban Center Database (GHS-UCDB) to define the boundaries of the city. These cities -- or urban centers -- cover areas that are densely populated and built-up, and so may extend beyond the spatial borders of these cities that we may be familiar with. The GHS area is shaded in blue.

View Chaman, Afghanistan on the sprawlmap

Most recent snapshot: Taking into account the entire (i.e. aggregate) street network in Chaman as of 2014, the overall level of street-network sprawl is 12.25, which is highly disconnected.

Trends in street network construction: The SNDis of street construction for the respective time periods are nan, 6.98, nan and nan. Data was not available in 1975, 1991-2000 and 2001-2014.

Quantity of street network construction: The street network in Chaman spans a total of 2 kilometers. It is dominated by roads constructed prior to 1975. These roads have an SNDi of nan, which is highly disconnected.

Effect on the aggregate network: New construction in each period adds to the total stock of streets, but does not change streets that have already been built. Therefore, it has a limited effect on the street network as a whole. The SNDis of the aggregate street network in the respective time periods are nan, 6.98, 12.25 and 12.25. Data was not available in 1975.

Chaman and Kandahar do not follow the same trend in the disconnectivity of their street network constructions. There was not enough data from the city, while the SNDi of street constructions in Kandahar fell steadily.

How do development practices in Chaman fare in comparison to others in Kandahar? out of the 2 cities in Kandahar. Chaman ranked 1st in 1976-1990. There was no ranking in 1975, 1991-2000, and 2001-2014 due to unavailable data.

Chaman and Afghanistan do not follow the same trend in the disconnectivity of their street network constructions. There was not enough data from the city, while the SNDi of street constructions in Afghanistan followed a zig-zag trend with an overall decrease.

How do development practices in Chaman fare in comparison to others in Afghanistan? out of the 40 cities in Afghanistan. Chaman ranked 2nd in 1976-1990. There was no ranking in 1975, 1991-2000, and 2001-2014 due to unavailable data.

Chaman and Kandahar do not follow the same trend in the disconnectivity of their aggregate street networks. There was not enough data from the city, while the SNDi of street constructions in Kandahar fell steadily.

To date, Chaman is the 1st-most disconnected out of the 2 cities in Kandahar. Its position in the ranks since 1975 has not changed. Chaman ranked 1st in 1976-1990, 1st in 1991-2000 and 1st in 2001-2014. There was no ranking in 1975 due to unavailable data.

Chaman and Afghanistan do not follow the same trend in the disconnectivity of their aggregate street networks. There was not enough data from the city, while the SNDi of street constructions in Afghanistan followed a zig-zag trend with an overall decrease.

To date, Chaman is the 1st-most disconnected out of the 40 cities in Afghanistan. Its position in the ranks since 1975 has risen; relative to other cities in Afghanistan, the street network in Chaman has become more disconnected. Chaman ranked 2nd in 1976-1990, 2nd in 1991-2000 and 1st in 2001-2014. There was no ranking in 1975 due to unavailable data.

As of 2015, Chaman had a built-up area of 1.55 square kilometers, and a population of 165834 people.

These are some other cities with approximately the same population: